在第二次世界大战期间，匈牙利王国是轴心国的成员國。
在1930年代，匈牙利王国依靠增加与法西斯意大利和纳粹德国的贸易来摆脱大萧条。1938年，匈牙利的政治和外交政策变更倾向民族主义，采取类似于德国的民族主义政策，试图把民族地区周边国家并入匈牙利。
1940，匈牙利加入轴心国。第二年，匈牙利军队参与了入侵南斯拉夫和入侵苏联。
在同苏联进行战争的同时，匈牙利与美国和英国进行了停战谈判。希特勒发现了这种背叛，1944年3月德国军队占领了匈牙利。当苏联军队开始威胁匈牙利时，匈牙利的摄政霍尔蒂海军统帅与之签订停战协定。不久，霍尔蒂因儿子被德国突击队绑架被迫撤销停战，然后被免去摄政权力，而匈牙利法西斯领袖薩拉希·费伦茨在德国的支持下建立了一个新政府。1945，匈牙利和德国军队在匈牙利被苏军打败。
匈牙利约有30萬名士兵和60萬多名平民在第二次世界大战期间死亡，其中包括40萬多名犹太人和2萬8千名罗姆人。许多城市遭到破坏，特别是首都布达佩斯。在战争的最初几年，大多数匈牙利犹太人没有被驱逐到德国的集中营里，虽然他们遭受了一系列的反犹太人的法律，被参与限制匈牙利的社会经济生活。1944从德国占领匈牙利开始，大量犹太人被驱逐到奥斯威辛集中营。到战争结束时，匈牙利犹太人的死亡人数约为10萬人至25萬人，匈牙利罗姆人则大约死亡2萬8千名人。匈牙利的版图在投降后恢复到1938版圖。
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