突厥沙希王朝是一個665年至850年統治喀布里斯坦、迦畢試、訶達羅支與犍陀羅等地（今阿富汗）的西突厥或西突厥-嚈噠王朝[3][4] ，以喀布爾為都。六世紀中葉起突厥人自河中地區向東南方涅扎克匈人的領地擴張，占領巴克特里亞和興都庫什等地，產生了數個獨立政權[5]，突厥沙希王朝便是其中之一，可能曾是鄰近的吐火羅葉護政權之附庸[3]。七世紀中葉巴爾哈特勤建立了突厥沙希王朝，此時期阿拉伯帝國開始向東擴張，其子烏散特勤灑在位期間曾與其發生數次衝突。九世紀突厥沙希王朝被阿拔斯帝國擊敗，被迫改宗伊斯蘭教並向後者納貢[2]，850年末代國王拉格圖爾曼被他的一名婆羅門官員廢黜，政權由印度沙希王朝取代[6]。870年薩法爾王朝佔領了喀布爾[7]。
參考文獻
- ^ "Contained within a clay urn were a gold bracteate with the portrait of a ruler, three early drachms of the Turk-Shahis (Type 236, one of which is countermarked), and a countermarked drachm of the Sasanian king 霍斯劳二世 dating from year 37 of his reign (= 626/7). The two countermarks on Khusro 's drachm prove that the urn could only have been deposited after 689" ALRAM, MICHAEL. From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush (PDF). The Numismatic Chronicle. 2014, 174: 282–285. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Alram, Michael; Filigenzi, Anna; Kinberger, Michaela; Nell, Daniel; Pfisterer, Matthias; Vondrovec, Klaus. The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: 16. THE HINDU SHAHIS IN KABULISTAN AND GANDHARA AND THE ARAB CONQUEST. Pro.geo.univie.ac.at. Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. [July 22, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge. 19 November 2015: 58–59 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-1-317-34090-4. （原始内容存档于2021-03-02）.
- ^ "The advance of Islamic forces both into Tokharistan in the north and into Zabulistan farther south was opposed by local rulers of probably Western Turkish identity" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 181. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
- ^ "The period from 560 CE onwards would be that of the Western Turks, although it is not clear how and foremost when they gained power over Bactria and the Hindukush-region. Minoru Inaba states that "gradually having extended their power, they came to be independent ..."" in Vondrovec, Klaus. Coinage of the Nezak: 173. [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-13）.
- ^ 16. The Hindu Shahis in Kabulistan and Gandhara and the Arab conquest | Digitaler Ausstellungskatalog. pro.geo.univie.ac.at. [26 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
- ^ Chopra, P.N. A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol. Set). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2003 [2021-05-01]. ISBN 978-81-207-2503-4. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
