福克蘭群島同性婚姻

英國海外領土福克兰群岛同性婚姻自2017年4月27日合法。允許同性伴侶結婚的法律於3月30日在立法議會通過,並於4月13日獲總督柯林·勞勃斯御准。該屬地還承認同性、異性的民事伴侶關係

福克蘭群島是第7個同性婚姻合法化的英國海外領土,也是繼皮特肯群島英语Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands直布羅陀英语Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar後第3個承認民事伴侶關係的英國海外領土。

背景

大不列顛王國於1765年首次聲稱對福克蘭群島擁有主權,英國、法國西班牙定期在福克蘭群島駐軍,直至1811年所有駐軍撤出。1833年,英國重申其對福克蘭群島的主權,並邀請民間人士居住於群島[1]

《1949年婚姻條例》(Marriage Ordinance 1949)於1949年12月31日頒布,適用於福克蘭群島及南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛。該條例規定了結婚執照的頒發,並授權福克兰群岛总督任命登記員來舉行結婚典禮。該條例未明確禁止同性婚姻,亦未定義“婚姻”一語。不過依據普通法,同性婚姻自始就被視為無效英语Void (law),因此同性伴侶無法在群島結婚。該條例於1996年廢除,並由《1996年婚姻條例》取代(Marriage Ordinance 1996),該條例在承認同性結合方面並無變化[2]

同性婚姻法律

2015年5月13日,福克蘭群島檢察總長馬克·劉易斯(Mark Lewis)建議行政委員會英语Executive Council of the Falkland Islands考慮將該屬地內的同性婚姻或民事伴侶關係合法化[3]。2016年1月13日,委員會經公眾諮詢英语public consultation後指示檢察總長準備《婚姻條例》修正案,以允許同性婚姻[4]。公眾諮詢發現90%的受訪者支持同性婚姻,94%的受訪者支持所有伴侶建立民事伴侶關係[5]

檢察總長的修正案草案於2017年2月22日由行政委員會審議。委員會指示劉易斯在官方公報公布該修正案,從而開始一讀立法程序,並準備實施所需的後續立法[6]。2017年3月30日,立法議會以7票同意對1票反對通過同性婚姻法案[7][8][9][10],其中立法議會議員簡·奇克英语Jan Cheek羅傑·愛德華茲英语Roger Edwards (politician)巴里·埃爾斯比英语Barry Elsby伊恩·漢森英语Ian Hansen麥可·普爾英语Michael Poole (politician)菲爾·倫德爾英语Phyl Rendell加文·肖特英语Gavin Short同意[11][12]邁克·薩默斯英语Mike Summers反對,同性伴侶結婚及建立民事伴侶關係最終獲允許[13][14][15][16]。該法案於4月13日獲總督柯林·勞勃斯御准[17][18],2017年4月29日生效[19]。慶祝同性婚姻合法化的社群活動於同日在斯坦利舉行[11][20]

《婚姻條例》第3A(1)與3B條規定[21]

同性伴侶之婚姻為合法。

依本條例結成之同性婚姻,須以等同男女婚姻之方式對待,並享有相同地位。

《釋義及通則條例》(Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance)亦經修訂,聲明“婚姻”包含依《1996年婚姻條例》舉行或承認的同性婚姻,並聲明所有提及“夫”、“妻”、“夫妻”的內容,以及所有其他條例中的“寡婦與鰥夫”應理解為包含同性伴侶。法律定義民事伴侶關係為“一男一女或兩位同性(“民事伴侶”)登記為彼此之民事伴侶所形成之關係”。福克蘭群島承認在福克蘭群島以外(如英國本土)結成的民事伴侶關係[6]

首例同性婚姻於2017年11月20日在彭布羅克角附近的克里斯蒂娜灣(Christina Bay)結成[22]

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Our History. www.falklands.gov.fk. [2021-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-20). 
  2. ^ Mendelson, Sara H. Hunt, Arabella (1662–1705)需要付费订阅. 《牛津国家人物传记大辞典》. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 線上版. 牛津大學出版社. Jan 2008 [2012-03-14]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14190.  需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格
  3. ^ Family Law Review 2015 – Proposals for new policy development and legislation. fig.gov.fk. 2015-05-13. (原始内容存档于2015-10-30). 
  4. ^ Family Law Review – Proposals for legislative drafting. fig.gov.fk. 2016-01-13. (原始内容存档于2016-01-28). 
  5. ^ Falklands passes same sex marriage bill; invites non residents to share the legislation. [2019-12-06]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-04). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 32-17P: Family Law Review – marriage reform. fig.gov.fk. 2017-02-22. (原始内容存档于2017-02-24). 
  7. ^ Butterworth, Benjamin. Falkland Islands introduces full marriage equality. PinkNews英语PinkNews. 2017-04-12 [2017-04-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-12). 
  8. ^ Avery, Dan. Marriage Equality Comes To The Falkland Islands. NewNowNext.com英语Logo TV. 2017-04-12 [2017-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-13). 
  9. ^ Order Paper for 30 March 2017. Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands (fig.gov.fk). 2017-03-30. (原始内容存档于2017-06-28). Refer to pp. 123-135 of the PDF 
  10. ^ Facebook Post by FITV. Facebook.com. 2017-04-03 [2017-04-08]. (原始内容存档于2023-08-28). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Falklands plans to celebrate same sex marriage Bill next April 27. MercoPress. 2017-04-13 [2017-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-13). 
  12. ^ RECORD OF THE MEETING OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY - HELD AT NORTH ARM (30 MARCH 2017). Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: 38–45. [2017-04-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-04-28). 
  13. ^ Marchiano, Andrea. Falkland Islands votes overwhelmingly in favour of same-sex marriage. Gay Times英语Gay Times. 2017-04-12 [2017-04-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-12). 
  14. ^ Butterworth, Benjamin. Falkland Islands introduces full marriage equality. PinkNews英语PinkNews. 2017-04-12 [2017-04-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-12). 
  15. ^ Avery, Dan. Marriage Equality Comes To The Falkland Islands. NewNowNext.com英语Logo TV. 2017-04-12 [2017-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-13). 
  16. ^ Order Paper for 30 March 2017 (PDF). Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands (fig.gov.fk): 123–135. 2017-03-30 [2017-04-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-28). 
  17. ^ Salerno, Rob. Falkland Islands Same-sex Marriage Update. 2017-06-22. (原始内容存档于2017-06-28). 
  18. ^ Press Release: Falkland Islands Legislative Assembly Passes Marriage Bill. Falkland Islands Government. 2017-04-13. (原始内容存档于2017-06-28). 
  19. ^ Marriage Ordinance 1996; Amending Legislation; Marriage (Amendment) Ordinance 2017 - [Ord. 6/17]. Falkland Islands Legislation. 2017-07-31 [2023-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-05). 
  20. ^ @Lisafalklands. Rainbow Community Fun Day in the #falklands celebrating new family/marriage laws #LGBT (推文). 2017-04-29 [2017-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-04-29) –通过Twitter. 
  21. ^ Marriage Ordinance 1996 (PDF). Falkland Islands Legislation. 2017-07-31 [2019-12-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-02). 
  22. ^ Marriage. www.fig.gov.fl. [2023-08-29]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-07). 

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