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氯巴占
臨床資料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Frisium, Urbanol, Onfi, others
其他名稱	氧异安定
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a612008
核准狀況	歐 EMA: yes; 美 DailyMed: Clobazam;
懷孕分級	澳: C ; ;
给药途径	口服
藥物類別（英语：Drug class）	Benzodiazepine
ATC碼	N05BA09 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	澳：限医生处方（S4）; 加：Schedule IV; 德：Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses); NZ：Class C; 英：Class C; 美：附表IV; 处方药（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	87% (oral)
血漿蛋白結合率	80–90%
药物代谢	Liver
代謝產物	N-desmethylclobazam; 4′-hydroxyclobazam; ;
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）	0.5–4 hours
生物半衰期	clobazam: 36–42 hours; N-desmethylclobazam: 59–82 hours; ;
排泄途徑	Kidney (82%); Feces (11%); ;
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione; ;
CAS号	22316-47-8
PubChem CID	2789;
IUPHAR/BPS	7149;
DrugBank	DB00349 ;
ChemSpider	2687 ;
UNII	2MRO291B4U;
KEGG	D01253 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31413 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL70418 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID2046759 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.040.810
化学信息
化学式	C16H13ClN2O2
摩尔质量	300.74 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
熔点	167 °C（333 °F）
	SMILES ClC1=CC(N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(N3C)=O)=O)=C3C=C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-18-13-8-7-11(17)9-14(13)19(16(21)10-15(18)20)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 ; Key:CXOXHMZGEKVPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

氯巴占（英语：Clobazam）是一种苯二氮䓬类药物，最初于1966年合成、1968年获得专利、1969年发表。它可以N-苯基-5-氯-2-硝基苯胺和甲氧羰基乙酰氯为原料，经还原、甲基化等步骤，提纯后制得。^[2]它在氢氧化钠溶液中可以水解，生成N-(4-氯-2-苯氨基苯基)-N-甲基乙酰胺。^[3]

此物在苯二氮䓬类中属特殊，有抗焦虑、抗癫痫作用，但几乎没有镇静安眠作用。^[4]原理是此物的有效代谢产物对含有α₂的GABA-A受体高于含有α₁的。^[5]^[6]

参见

氯硝西泮

参考文献

^ Prediction of Melting Point for Drug-like Compounds Using Principal Component-Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. 2008-04-20, 29 (4): 833–841 [2021-11-22]. ISSN 0253-2964. doi:10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.4.833. （原始内容存档于2018-06-02）（英语）.
^ 周海峰, 彭琛琛, 刘祈星, 张志东, 廖宗权. 一种工业化生产氯巴占的方法（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2021 CN 112724091 A.
^ Neeraj Kumar, Subba Rao Devineni, Sandesh Bhat, Kadirappa Aggile, Shailendra Kumar Dubey, Pramod Kumar. Potential Impurities of the Anti-epileptic Drug, Clobazam: Synthesis and Characterization. Letters in Organic Chemistry. 2017-11-03, 14 (10) [2021-11-22]. doi:10.2174/1570178614666170623122150. （原始内容存档于2021-05-09）（英语）.
^ Wildin JD, Pleuvry BJ, Mawer GE, Onon T, Millington L. Respiratory and sedative effects of clobazam and clonazepam in volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. February 1990, 29 (2): 169–77. PMC 1380080 . PMID 2106335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03616.x.
^ Ralvenius WT, Acuña MA, Benke D, Matthey A, Daali Y, Rudolph U, Desmeules J, Zeilhofer HU, Besson M. The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam is an α2 preferring benzodiazepine with an improved therapeutic window for antihyperalgesia. Neuropharmacology. October 2016, 109: 366–375. PMC 4981430 . PMID 27392635. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.004.
^ Nakajima H. [A pharmacological profile of clobazam (Mystan), a new antiepileptic drug]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. August 2001, 118 (2): 117–22. PMID 11530681. doi:10.1254/fpj.118.117 .

[1] Prediction of Melting Point for Drug-like Compounds Using Principal Component-Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. 2008-04-20, 29 (4): 833–841 [2021-11-22]. ISSN 0253-2964. doi:10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.4.833. （原始内容存档于2018-06-02）（英语）.

[2] 周海峰, 彭琛琛, 刘祈星, 张志东, 廖宗权. 一种工业化生产氯巴占的方法（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2021 CN 112724091 A.

[3] Neeraj Kumar, Subba Rao Devineni, Sandesh Bhat, Kadirappa Aggile, Shailendra Kumar Dubey, Pramod Kumar. Potential Impurities of the Anti-epileptic Drug, Clobazam: Synthesis and Characterization. Letters in Organic Chemistry. 2017-11-03, 14 (10) [2021-11-22]. doi:10.2174/1570178614666170623122150. （原始内容存档于2021-05-09）（英语）.

[vsclonazepam-4] Wildin JD, Pleuvry BJ, Mawer GE, Onon T, Millington L. Respiratory and sedative effects of clobazam and clonazepam in volunteers. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. February 1990, 29 (2): 169–77. PMC 1380080 . PMID 2106335. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03616.x.

[pmid27392635-5] Ralvenius WT, Acuña MA, Benke D, Matthey A, Daali Y, Rudolph U, Desmeules J, Zeilhofer HU, Besson M. The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam is an α2 preferring benzodiazepine with an improved therapeutic window for antihyperalgesia. Neuropharmacology. October 2016, 109: 366–375. PMC 4981430 . PMID 27392635. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.004.

[omega2-6] Nakajima H. [A pharmacological profile of clobazam (Mystan), a new antiepileptic drug]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. August 2001, 118 (2): 117–22. PMID 11530681. doi:10.1254/fpj.118.117 .

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