替莫西林

替莫西林
臨床資料
AHFS/Drugs.com国际药品名称
ATC碼
识别信息
  • (2S,5R,6S)-6-[(Carboxy-3-thienylacetyl)amino]- 6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid,
CAS号66148-78-5  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.060.148 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C16H18N2O7S2
摩尔质量414.45 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • O=C(O)[C@@H]2N3C(=O)[C@@](OC)(NC(=O)C(c1ccsc1)C(=O)O)[C@H]3SC2(C)C
  • InChI=1S/C16H18N2O7S2/c1-15(2)9(12(22)23)18-13(24)16(25-3,14(18)27-15)17-10(19)8(11(20)21)7-4-5-26-6-7/h4-6,8-9,14H,1-3H3,(H,17,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)/t8?,9-,14+,16-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:BVCKFLJARNKCSS-DWPRYXJFSA-N checkY

替莫西林英语:Temocillin)是由比彻姆集团推出的一种耐β-内酰胺酶青霉素[1][2]由Eumedica制药以商品名Negaban销售。它主要用于治疗多重耐药的革兰氏阴性菌

它是一种6-甲氧基青霉素;它也是一种羧基青霉素[3]

药理学

替莫西林是一种耐 β-内酰胺酶的青霉素。它对革兰氏阳性菌或具有改变的青霉素结合蛋白的细菌没有活性。

它通常对卡他莫拉氏菌流产布鲁氏菌洋葱伯克氏菌柠檬酸杆菌属的物种、大肠杆菌流感嗜血杆菌肺炎克雷伯氏菌多杀性巴斯德氏菌奇异变形杆菌肠沙门氏菌肠亚种小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌具有活性。它还对一些肠杆菌属的物种、摩氏摩根氏菌沙雷氏菌属的物种具有活性。但是,替莫西林对不动杆菌属铜绿假单胞菌没有有用的活性。

它的主要用途是对抗肠杆菌科,特别是对抗产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶或AmpC β-内酰胺酶的菌株。[4]

剂量

常规剂量为每12小时静脉注射2克,而高剂量,特别是对于危重病患者,则为每8小时2克。在严重疾病中,有理论依据将替莫西林作为静脉持续输注:[5][6]首先静脉注射2克的单次剂量,然后24小时内进行4克或6克的输注。根据SPC,以下溶剂在25°C下24小时内的化学和物理稳定性已被证明:注射用水、生理盐水(0.9%氯化钠)、5%葡萄糖氯化钠复合物(林格氏液)、哈特曼氏液乳酸钠复合物+林格乳酸液)。特莫西林用于静脉注射时,需在10至20毫升的无菌水中稀释;用于肌肉注射时,在不到2毫升的无菌水中稀释;持续输注为了方便给药而在48毫升的无菌水中稀释(每小时2毫升)。为了减轻疼痛,肌肉注射可以使用1%无菌利多卡因代替无菌水制备。

调整剂量后,肾功能不全的患者可使用替莫西林:

肌酸酐清除率 (毫升/分钟) 每次给药剂量 给药间隔
超过60 2克 12小时
60至30 1克 12小时
30至10 1克 24小时

在间歇性高通量血液透析的情况下:透析间每24小时期1克(静脉注射),最好在血液透析结束时(1克q24小时,2克q48小时,3克q72小时)。如果门诊患者进行连续腹膜透析:每24小时1克。

没有口服替莫西林制剂获得许可。

不良反应

替莫西林的不良反应与任何β-内酰胺类抗生素的不良反应相同。特别是,它与青霉素过敏患者的血管性水肿过敏反应有关。动物研究未显示其对任何艰难梭菌感染的诱导。[7]与任何其他青霉素一样,如果给予非常高的剂量,可能会发生抽搐

合成

替莫西林的合成[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ Andrews JM, Jevons G, Walker R, Ashby J, Fraise AP. Temocillin susceptibility by BSAC methodology. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. July 2007, 60 (1): 185–7 [2023-03-03]. PMID 17550891. doi:10.1093/jac/dkm179可免费查阅. (原始内容存档于2020-03-24). 
  2. ^ Van Landuyt HW, Pyckavet M, Lambert A, Boelaert J. In vitro activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a novel beta-lactam antibiotic. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. October 1982, 22 (4): 535–40. PMC 183789可免费查阅. PMID 7181470. doi:10.1128/aac.22.4.535. 
  3. ^ Chanal M, Sirot J, Cluzel M, Joly B, Glanddier Y. [In vitro study of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of temocillin (BRL 17421)]. Pathol. Biol. June 1983, 31 (6): 467–70. PMID 6348653 (法语). 
  4. ^ Livermore DM et al. (2006) Activity of temocillin vs. prevalent ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from SE England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 May;57(5):1012-4.
  5. ^ De Jongh R et al. (2008) Continuous versus intermittent infusion of temocillin, a directed spectrum penicillin for intensive care patients with nosocomial pneumonia: stability, compatibility, population pharmacokinetic studies and breakpoint selection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Feb;61(2):382-8.
  6. ^ Laterre PF et al. (2015) Temocillin (6 g daily) in critically ill patients: continuous infusion versus three times daily administration. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015 Mar;70(3):891-8.
  7. ^ Boon RJ, et al. Studies with temocillin in a hamster model of antibiotic-associated colitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985, 27 (6): 980–1. PMC 180203可免费查阅. PMID 3875312. doi:10.1128/aac.27.6.980. 
  8. ^ Bentley, P. H.; Clayton, J. P.; Boles, M. O.; Girven, R. J. Transformations using benzyl 6-isocyanopenicillanate. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1. 1979: 2455. doi:10.1039/P19790002455. 

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