1943年,心理学家沃伦·麦卡洛克和数理逻辑学家沃尔特·皮茨在合作的《A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity》[1]论文中提出并给出了人工神经网络的概念及人工神经元的数学模型,从而开创了人工神经网络研究的时代。1949年,心理学家唐纳德·赫布在《The Organization of Behavior》[2]论文中描述了神经元学习法则——赫布型学习。
人工神经网络更进一步被美国神经学家弗兰克·罗森布拉特(英语:Frank Rosenblatt)所发展。他提出了可以模拟人类感知能力的机器,并称之为『感知机』。1957年,在Cornell航空实验室中,他成功在IBM 704机上完成了感知机的仿真。两年后,他又成功实现了能够识别一些英文字母、基于感知机的计算机——Mark I perceptron,并于1960年6月23日,展示与众。
首个有关感知机的成果,由罗森布拉特于1958年发表在《The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain》[3]的文章里。1962年,他又出版了《Principles of Neurodynamics: Perceptrons and the theory of brain mechanisms》[4]一书,向大众深入解释感知机的理论知识及背景假设。此书介绍了一些重要的概念及定理证明,例如感知机收敛定理。
^Warren S. McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943), A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity
^Donald Hebb (1949) The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory
^Rosenblatt, Frank. x. (1958), The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Psychological Review, v65, No. 6, pp. 386–408. doi:10.1037/h0042519
^Rosenblatt, Frank. x. Principles of Neurodynamics: Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain Mechanisms. Spartan Books, Washington DC, 1961
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Widrow, B., Lehr, M.A., "30 years of Adaptive Neural Networks: Perceptron, Madaline, and Backpropagation," Proc. IEEE, vol 78, no 9, pp. 1415-1442, (1990)。