念 (佛教)

巴利語sati梵語smṛti),又譯為具念念根繫念,佛教術語,是一種穩定的心理狀態,修行者將思想固定在某個對象上,專注的觀察它,就稱為念。以正確的方式來修習念,被稱為正念[1]巴利文:sammā-sati,梵文:samyak-smṛti),是通往解脫的八正道之一。隨時繫念,憶持不忘,稱為隨念巴利語anussati),有六隨念與十隨念等法門。觀察「身」「受」「心」「法」四個主題,稱為四念住

字義

在巴利文及梵文,念(sati)是動詞,意為「記得」、「憶起」,引伸的名詞形態為「記憶[2],但是它也有專注、覺察的意思,英文常譯為mindfulnessawareness。《清淨道論》認為,念是一種心理過程,通過不忘失的憶念,以保持思慮的穩定、不飄蕩[3]。因為念的穩定,使得修行者可以執持(upaganha)善的念頭與行為,放棄惡的行為。形成精進不放逸的力量,這就稱為正念,英文常譯為right mindfulnessright thoughtpostive thought

佛教理論

念被列入五根之一。在阿毘達磨中,也是一種心所,南傳上座部列為七種遍行心所之一,說一切有部列入大地法之一。

正念可分為世俗正念,與聖正念二者。正確,不虛假的保持念,稱為世俗正念,可以讓人投生善趣,但它是有,有的;出世間的聖正念,則是將念保持在四聖諦上,思維四聖諦[4]

修行者的念,是否是正念,由他是不是具備正知來分辨,以正知來修行念,即是正念。以正念來觀察身、受、心、法,即是四念處,或稱四念住。以正念或安那般那念修行禪定,稱為正定

参考文献

  1. ^ 中阿含經卷七第31經《分別聖諦經》:「諸賢!云何正念?謂聖弟子念苦是苦時,習是習、滅是滅;念道是道時,或觀本所作,或學念諸行,或見諸行災患,或見涅槃止息,或無著念觀、善心解脫時,於中,若『心順念』背不?向念、念遍、念憶、復憶,心心不忘、心之所應,是名正念。」
  2. ^ 《阿毘達磨順正理論》卷10:「於境明記,不忘失因,說名為念。」
  3. ^ 《清淨道論》〈說蘊品〉:「依此而憶念故,或他自己憶念故,或只是憶念故為念。它以不漂蕩為相;以不忘失為用;以守護、境之現前為現起,以堅固之想或身念處為近因。當知念能堅持[所緣]如同門柱,能護眼根等如同守衛。」
  4. ^ 《雜阿含經》〈785經〉:「何等為正念?正念有二種,世俗:有漏,有取,轉向善趣。有正念是聖,出世間,無漏,不取,正盡苦,轉向苦邊。何等為正念世俗,有漏,有取,轉向善趣?若念、隨念、重念、憶念,不妄不虛,是名正念,世俗,有漏,有取,正向善趣。何等為正念是聖,出世間,無漏,不取,轉向苦邊。謂聖弟子苦苦思惟、集、滅、道道思惟,無漏思惟相應。若念、隨念、重念、憶念,不妄不虛,是名正念是聖,出世間,無漏,不取,轉向苦邊。」

Read other articles:

Katedral MonaghanInggris: St Macartan's Cathedral, Monaghancode: en is deprecated Katedral MonaghanLokasiMonaghanNegaraRepublik IrlandiaDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaSejarahTanggal konsekrasi21 Agustus 1892ArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifGayaNeo-GotikPeletakan batu pertama1862Selesai1893SpesifikasiBahan bangunanlimestoneAdministrasiParokiCathedralKeuskupanKeuskupan ClogherKlerusUskupLawrence Duffy Katedral Monaghan atau yang resminya bernama Katedral Santo Macartan adalah sebuah ...

 

CTNNAL1PengidentifikasiAliasCTNNAL1, ACRP, CLLP, alpha-CATU, catenin alpha like 1ID eksternalOMIM: 604785 MGI: 1859649 HomoloGene: 2815 GeneCards: CTNNAL1 Pola ekspresi RNAReferensi data ekspresi selengkapnyaOntologi genFungsi molekuler• actin filament binding• GO:0001948, GO:0016582 Ikatan protein plasma• cadherin bindingKomponen seluler• sitoplasma• sitosol• Membran sel• Sitoskeleton• membranProses biologis• Adhesi sel• Rho protein signal transductionSumber:Amigo / ...

 

Bagian dari Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruLukas 7:36-37 pada Papirus 3 Injil Matius Markus Lukas Yohanes SejarahKisah Para Rasul Surat Surat-surat Paulus Roma 1 Korintus 2 Korintus Galatia Efesus Filipi Kolose 1 Tesalonika 2 Tesalonika 1 Timotius 2 Timotius Titus Filemon Ibrani Surat-surat umum Yakobus 1 Petrus 2 Petrus 1 Yohanes 2 Yohanes 3 Yohanes Yudas ApokalipsWahyu Perjanjian Lama Portal Kristenlbs sisa-sisa kota Filipi Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Filipi adalah salah satu kita...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada April 2016. Persatuan Ulama Muslim Internasional (bahasa Arab: الإتحاد العالمي لعلماء المسلمين al-Ittihaad al-'Aalami li' Ulama'i al-Muslimin, bahasa Inggris: International Union of Muslim Scholars, disingkat IUMS) adalah sebuah Organisas...

 

Raja Milinda menanyakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Milinda Pañha (Pertanyaan-Pertanyaan Milinda) adalah sebuah teks Buddha yang berasal dari antara 100 SM dan 200 SM. Karya tersebut mencatat dialog antara murid Buddha Nāgasena, dan raja Indo-Yunani Menander I (Pali: Milinda) dari Bactria, yang berkuasa di Sagala (sekarang Sialkot, Pakistan). Milinda Pañha dianggap sebagai kanonik oleh umat Buddha Burma, masuk sebagai bagian dari kitab Khuddaka Nikaya.[1] Referensi ^ Kelly 2005. Sumber ...

 

Municipality in Mount Lebanon, LebanonAmmatour عمّاطورMunicipalityAmmatourAmmatourLocation in Lebanon. The surrounding district can be seen on the map.Coordinates: 33°38′33″N 35°36′31″E / 33.64250°N 35.60861°E / 33.64250; 35.60861Country LebanonGovernorateMount LebanonDistrictChoufHighest elevation1,050 m (3,440 ft)Lowest elevation800 m (2,600 ft)Time zone+2 • Summer (DST)+3 Ammatour (Arabic: عمّاط�...

1988 single by Jane's Addiction For the type of rural folk songs, commonly called mountain song, see Shan'ge. For , see Mountain song. Mountain SongSingle by Jane's Addictionfrom the album Nothing's Shocking B-sideStanding in the Shower...ThinkingReleasedDecember 1988Recorded1986, 1988GenreAlternative rock[1]Length4:03LabelWarner Bros.Songwriter(s)Perry Farrell, Eric AveryProducer(s)Dave Jerden, Perry FarrellJane's Addiction singles chronology Jane Says (1988) Mountain Song (1988) Sto...

 

Францу́зский абсолюти́зм — абсолютная монархия, утвердившаяся во Франции в два последних столетия существования Старого порядка. Абсолютизм пришёл на смену периоду сословной монархии и был уничтожен Великой Французской революцией Содержание 1 Общее описание ситуа...

 

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Counter-culture in existence since approximately 1970 Not to be confused with LGBT parenting, Rainbow nation, or Rainbow Tribe. A 2007 Rainbow Gathering in Bosnia The Rainbow Family of Living Light is a counter-culture, in existence since approximately 1970. It is a loose affiliation of individuals, some nomadic, generally asserting that it has no leader. They put on yearly, primitive camping events on public land known as Rainbow Gatherings.[1] Origins and practices The Rainbow Famil...

 

Football stadium in Newcastle upon Tyne, England For other places with similar names, see St James Park. Not to be confused with St James's Park. St James' Park'The Cathedral on the Hill'Full nameSt James' ParkLocationNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 4STPublic transit St James NewcastleOwnerNewcastle UnitedCapacity52,350Field size105 by 68 metres (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd)[1]SurfaceGrass (Desso GrassMaster)ConstructionOpened1892Renovated1986–1987, 1992–1995, 1998–2000ArchitectT...

 

  提示:此条目页的主题不是中國—瑞士關係。   關於中華民國與「瑞」字國家的外交關係,詳見中瑞關係 (消歧義)。 中華民國—瑞士關係 中華民國 瑞士 代表機構駐瑞士台北文化經濟代表團瑞士商務辦事處代表代表 黃偉峰 大使[註 1][4]處長 陶方婭[5]Mrs. Claudia Fontana Tobiassen 中華民國—瑞士關係(德語:Schweizerische–republik china Beziehungen、法�...

STS-112 Données de la mission Vaisseau Navette spatiale Atlantis Équipage 4 hommes - 2 femmes Date de lancement 7 octobre 2002 à 19:45:51 UTC Site de lancement Kennedy Space CenterPas de tir 39B Date d'atterrissage 18 octobre 2002 à 15:43:40 UTC Site d'atterrissage Kennedy Space CenterPiste 33 Durée 10 jours, 19 heures et 58 minutes Orbites 170 Altitude orbitale 226 kilomètres Inclinaison orbitale 51,6° Distance parcourue 7,2 millions de kilomètres ...

 

Mountain in the American state of California Palisade CrestWest aspect, from Potluck PassHighest pointElevation13,559 ft (4,133 m) NAVD 88[1]Prominence561 ft (171 m)[1]Parent peakNorth Palisade[2]ListingSierra Peaks Section[3]Vagmarken Club Sierra Crest List[4]Coordinates37°04′53″N 118°29′22″W / 37.0814468°N 118.4895799°W / 37.0814468; -118.4895799[5]GeographyPalisade Crest L...

 

2002 single by NasMade You LookSingle by Nasfrom the album God's Son ReleasedAugust 5, 2002Recorded2002GenreHip hopLength3:23LabelIll Will, ColumbiaSongwriter(s)Nasir JonesSalaam RemiProducer(s)Salaam RemiNas singles chronology One Mic (2002) Made You Look (2002) Thugz Mansion (2002) Made You Look is the first single from Nas' 2002 album, God's Son. Built around several samples lifted from the Incredible Bongo Band's Apache, the single was important in establishing Nas' direction following h...

Santa RosaDepartemenSanta RosaNegara GuatemalaDepartemenSanta RosaIbukotaCuilapaKotamadya14Pemerintahan • JenisDepartementalLuas • Departemen886 sq mi (2.295 km2)Ketinggian tertinggi4,360 ft (1.330 m)Ketinggian terendah702 ft (214 m)Populasi (Sensus 2002) • Departemen301.370 • Perkotaan105.061 • EtnisitasLadino (xinca) • AgamaKatolik Roma EvangelismeZona waktu-6 Departemen...

 

Spanish Baroque painter (1617–1682) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Esteban and the second or maternal family name is Murillo. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (November 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento contee dell'Indiana è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contea di PikeconteaLocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Indiana AmministrazioneCapoluogoPetersburg Data di istituzione1816 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo38°24′00″N 87°13′48″W38°24′00″N, 87°13′48″W (Contea di Pike) Superficie884 km² Abitanti12 837 (2000) Densità14,52 ab./km² Altre informazioniFuso orar...

NakulaनकुलNakula dalam lukisan India.Tokoh MahabharataNamaNakulaEjaan DewanagariनकुलEjaan IASTNakulaNama lainMadreya, Grantika, Damagranti, AswinisutaKitab referensiMahabharataAsalHastinapura, Kerajaan KuruKastaKsatriaDinastiCandraKlanKuruSenjataPedangAyahAswin (de facto)Pandu (sah)IbuMadriIstriDrupadi, KarenumatiAnakSatanika (dari Drupadi), Niramitra (dari Karenumati) Nakula (Dewanagari: नकुल; ,IAST: Nakula, नकुल), adalah seorang tokoh protagonis dal...

 

New Zealand footballer (born 1991) For the Mexican footballer, see Marco Jovanni Rojas. Not to be confused with Marcos Rojo. Marco Rojas Rojas playing for New Zealand at the 2017 FIFA Confederations CupPersonal informationFull name Marco Rodrigo Rojas[1]Date of birth (1991-11-05) 5 November 1991 (age 32)Place of birth Hamilton, New ZealandHeight 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)[2]Position(s) ForwardTeam informationCurrent team Brisbane RoarNumber 20Youth career Hamilton ...