彙音妙悟

彙音妙悟
作者黃謙
类型音韻學
语言閩南語、臺語泉州音
發行信息
出版時間嘉慶五年（1800年）
出版地點福建泉州
彙音妙悟
漢字 彙音妙悟
白話字 Lūi-im Biāu-gō͘
台語羅馬字Luī-im Biāu-gōo
閩南拼音Lûiyīm Bbniâo'ggnôo

《彙音妙悟》（闽南语：彙音妙悟，白話字：Lūi-im Biāu-gō͘）為福建南安人黃謙據《閩音必辨》一書所編寫的一部以南安腔為主的閩南語音韻學書籍。在台灣使用類似腔調的地區為新北市汐止區、三峽區、林口區等地。

內容

內容以韻母「五十字母」為經，以聲母「十五音」為緯，再以「八音聲調」梳櫛貫穿其間，而形成《三推成字法》。三推成字法歌訣為：「先從字母弁于頭，反切聲音左位收。平仄分明居右畔，完成一字傳千秋。三推之法意何如，但願世人喜讀書。凡字旁通心内得，無忘昔日誦于斯。」

全書總體意圖即所謂「因音以識字，使農工商賈按卷而稽，無事載酒問字之勞」。此書200年來對於泉州閩南語音及台灣臺語語音的發展影響甚大，三推成字法也是閩南語、臺語走向拼音化之路的前鋒，本書深具學術參考價值（以下聲母十五音、韻母五十字母、聲調八音、新數念法等須以泉腔來唸讀）。

  • 聲母十五音
聲母十五音 柳 邊 求 氣 地 普 他 爭 入 時 英 文 語 出 喜
國際音標 [l]
[n]		 [p] [k] [kʰ] [t] [pʰ] [tʰ] [ʦ]
[ʨ]		 [ʣ]
[ʥ] 		[s]
[ɕ]		 [ʔ] [b]
[m] 		[ɡ]
[ŋ]		 [ʦʰ]
[ʨʰ]		 [h]
閩南拼音 l
ln		 b g k d p t z zz s bb
bbn		 gg
ggn		 c h
白話字 l
n		 p k kh t ph th ch j s b
m		 g
ng		 chh h
台羅拼音 l
n		 p k kh t ph th ts j s b
m		 g
ng		 tsh h
  • 韻母五十字母
韻母五十字
韻母 春 朝 飛 花 香 歡 高 卿 杯 商
洪惟仁擬音[1]:88–90 *un/t *iau(ʔ) *ui(ʔ) *ua(ʔ) *ioŋ/k *ũã(ʔ) *ɔ(ʔ) *iɨŋ/k *ue(ʔ) *iaŋ/k
馬重奇擬音[2]:66 *un/t *iau(ʔ) *ui(ʔ) *ua(ʔ) *iɔŋ/k *ũã(ʔ) *ɔ(ʔ) *iŋ/k *ue(ʔ) *iaŋ/k
閩南拼音 un/t iao(h) ui(h) ua(h) iong/k nua(h) oo(h) ing/k ue(h) iang/k
台羅拼音 un/t iau(h) ui(h) ua(h) iong/k uann(h) oo(h) ing/k ue(h) iang/k
韻母 東 郊 開 居 珠 嘉 賓 莪 嗟 恩
洪惟仁擬音 *oŋ/k *au(ʔ) *ai(ʔ) *ɨ *u(ʔ) *a(ʔ) *iɨn/t *ɔ̃ *ia(ʔ) *ɨn/t
馬重奇擬音 *ɔŋ/k *au(ʔ) *ai(ʔ) *ɯ *u(ʔ) *a(ʔ) *in/t *ɔ̃ *ia(ʔ) *ən/t
閩南拼音 ong/k ao(h) ai(h) u(h) a(h) in/t noo ia(h)
台羅拼音 ong/k au(h) ai(h) ir u(h) a(h) in/t onn ia(h) irn/t
韻母 西 軒 三 秋 箴 江 關 丹 金 鉤
洪惟仁擬音 *e(ʔ) *ian/t *am/p *iu(ʔ) *ɨm/p *aŋ/k *ũɨ̃ĩ *an/t *iɨm/p *əu
馬重奇擬音 *e(ʔ) *ian/t *am/p *iu(ʔ) *əm/p *aŋ/k *ũĩ *an/t *im/p *əu
閩南拼音 e(h) ian/t am/p iu(h) ang/k nui an/t im/p
台羅拼音 e(h) ian/t am/p iu(h) irm/p ang/k uinn an/t im/p eru
韻母 川 乖 兼 管 生 基 貓 刀 科 梅
洪惟仁擬音 *uan/t *uai *iam/p *ũĩ *ɨŋ/k *i(ʔ) *ĩãũ *o(ʔ) *ə(ʔ) *m
馬重奇擬音 *uan/t *uai *iam/p *ũĩ *əŋ/k *i(ʔ) *ĩãũ *o(ʔ) *ə(ʔ) *m
閩南拼音 uan/t uai iam/p nui i(h) niao o(h) m
台羅拼音 uan/t uai iam/p uinn irng/k i(h) iaunn o(h) er(h) m
韻母 京 雞 毛 青 燒 風 箱 弎 熋 嘐
洪惟仁擬音 *ĩã(ʔ) *əe(ʔ) *ŋ(ʔ) *ĩ(ʔ) *io(ʔ) *uaŋ/k *ĩũ(ʔ) *ã(ʔ) *ãĩ(ʔ) *ãũ
馬重奇擬音 *ĩã(ʔ) *əe(ʔ) *ŋ(ʔ) *ĩ(ʔ) *io(ʔ) *uaŋ/k *ĩũ(ʔ) *ã(ʔ) *ãĩ(ʔ) *ãũ
閩南拼音 nia(h) ng(h) ni(h) io(h) uang/k niu(h) na(h) nai(h) nao
台羅拼音 iann(h) ere(h) ng(h) inn(h) io(h) uang/k iunn(h) ann(h) ainn(h) aunn(h)
  • 聲調八音為：方（上平）、訪（上上）、放（上去）、福（上入）、皇（下平）、奉（下上）、鳳（下去）、伏（下入）（註：四句取最後一句）。
  • 新數念法為：一從主、二半口、三點水、四殘月、五一角、六钩耳、七倒戈、八左戾、九草斤、十歸滾。
  • 另有“三推難識字樣”。

刊本

  1. 嘉慶五年（1800年）"薰園藏板"《彙音妙悟》。
  2. 泉州歷史文化中心"大版式"《彙音妙悟》。
  3. 道光十一年（1831年）薰園藏版"增補彙音妙悟"。
  4. 光緒六年（1880年）綺文居薰園藏版"增補彙音妙悟"。
  5. 光绪二十年(1894年)增補彙音妙悟，文德堂梓行版。
  6. 光緒二十九年（1903年）福州集新堂本"詳註彙音妙悟"。
  7. 光緒三十一年（1905年）廈門會文書莊石印本。
  8. 上海萃英、大一統書局影印本。
  9. 民國五十九年（1970年）瑞成書局手抄影印本。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 龔秀容. 《彙音妙悟》之音系及其層次研究. 2010 [2023-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-01） （中文（臺灣））. 
  2. ^ 馬重奇. 十九世紀末福建兼漳泉二腔韻書音系研究—兼與泉腔、漳腔二種韻書音系比較研究 (PDF). 政大中文學報 第十二期. 政大學術集成. 2009-12 [2023-10-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-07-09）. 

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