弹性 (经济学)

经济学中,弹性elasticity)用于计量一个变量的改变将在多大程度上影响其他变量,这一概念是由阿尔弗莱德·马歇尔提出的。

弹性用因变量的变化率与自变量的变化率之比表示。弹性的概念可以应用在所有具有因果关系的变量之间。作为原因的变量通常称作自变量,受其作用发生改变的量称作因变量。例如自变量和从变量之间存在关系,则弹性:

常见的经济学弹性有:

  1. 需求的价格弹性
  2. 供给的价格弹性
  3. 需求的所得弹性
  4. 需求的交叉弹性


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