尼扎米

尼扎米
نظامی گنجوی
20世纪阿塞拜疆挂毯上的尼扎米形象
出生1141年
阿塞拜疆甘贾
逝世1209年
職業波斯文学
體裁叙事诗、抒情诗
代表作五卷诗 (波斯语:Panj Ganj)
位於阿塞拜疆占賈的尼扎米陵墓(1991年重建)
阿塞拜疆鈔票上的尼扎米肖像

尼扎米波斯語نظامی گنجوی; 亞塞拜然語Nizami Gəncəvi,1141年—1209年),一译内扎米[1]涅扎米[2],全名尼扎米·阿丁·阿布·穆罕默德·伊勒亚斯·伊本-扎吉·伊本-穆罕默德(拉丁化Nizām ad-Dīn Abū Muhammad Ilyās ibn-Yusūf ibn-Zakī ibn-Mu'ayyad),是12世紀的波斯語诗人、学者,对阿塞拜疆伊朗阿富汗塔吉克斯坦等国的语言文学均起过重要的影响。[3]

生平

尼扎米生于塞尔柱帝国統治下的阿塞拜疆占贾,一生的大部分时间均在此度过。尼扎米学识渊博,精通阿拉伯语波斯语,对哲学数学天文学医学植物学炼金术等造诣颇深,对伊斯兰法,《古兰经》以及历史学亦有研究。[4]

主要作品

尼扎米最重要的作品是长篇叙事诗《五卷诗》:

  • 第1卷《秘密宝库》(波斯语:مخزن الاسرار,Makhzan al-Asrar)(1163年或1176年):规劝统治者的劝世诗;
  • 第2卷《霍斯勞和席琳》(波斯语:خسرو و شیرین,Khusraw o Shirin)(1177年-1180年):根据波斯歷史故事改编的爱情叙事诗;
  • 第3卷《莱伊拉和马季农》(波斯语:لیلی و مجنون,Layli o Majnun)(1192年):爱情悲剧敘事詩,取材于阿拉伯民间故事;
  • 第4卷《七美人》(波斯语:هفت پیکر,Haft Paykar)(1196年):叙述波斯萨珊王朝国王巴赫拉姆五世的事迹;
  • 第5卷《亚历山大之书》(波斯语:اسکندرنامه ,Eskandar-nameh)(1196年-1202年):改编自基于亚历山大大帝生平的伊斯兰传说,并把亚历山大塑造为圣哲。

参见

注释

  1. ^ 元文祺. 内扎米. 中国大百科全书 第三版·网络版. 2022-07-06 [2023-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-24). 
  2. ^ 瞿炜. 涅扎米的爱情悲歌与中国传说. 中华读书报. 2011-09-07 [2023-05-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-24) –通过光明网. 
  3. ^ 不列颠百科全书, "Nezami"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Dr. Julie Scott Meisami, "The Haft Paykar: A Medieval Persian Romance (牛津世界经典系列)", 1995年, ISBN 0-19-283184-4, 尼扎米简介(英语)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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