大亚湾核反应堆中微子实验

大亚湾探测器之一。

大亚湾核反应堆中微子实验是一个建于中国的研究中微子的多国粒子物理合作项目。该项目组于2006年2月成立,参加的研究人员来自中国大陆香港台湾美国捷克俄罗斯等七个国家和地区。22°36′04.48″N 114°32′27.69″E / 22.6012444°N 114.5410250°E / 22.6012444; 114.5410250实验装置于2007年开始动工,2011年12月投入使用,在运行了九年后于2020年12月12日退役。[1]

实验包括八个反中微子探测器,集中在有六个核反应堆1.9 km(1.2 mi)内的三个地点。每个检测器包括20吨的液体闪烁剂(掺杂有直链烷基苯)通过光电倍增管和屏蔽包围[2]

一个更大的随后实验中正在开发中,以在开平市江门地下中微子实验观测站(JUNO)的形式[3],它会使用的丙烯酸球体充满了2万吨液体闪烁剂的探测器来探测反中微子。破土动工开始于2015年1月10日[4],预计2022年运行[5]:3

项目设施

浸没在高纯水中的四个中微子探测器
浸没在高纯水中的四个中微子探测器

项目的两个中微子探测器设在大亚湾核电站,用于探测到来自核电站反应堆群的中微子[6]。另外為支援此項目,香港仔隧道粒子物理實驗室亦曾於2006年被香港大學香港中文大學物理系申請使用作實驗用途。

研究人员

该项目团队为王贻芳所领导[7]

中微子震盪

内容

2012年3月8日,大亞灣中微子實驗國際合作組宣佈[8][9][10],發現一種新的中微子震盪,其震盪機率為

在2015年Moriond物理学会议上,新的最适合的混合角和质量差被提出:[11]

意义

假若這結果成立,物理學者可以開始研究中微子反中微子之間的不對稱性,從而嘗試解釋為甚麼宇宙中的物質超多於反物質[12][13]。大亚湾的研究员通过此次得出的精确值击败了同时参与此项目的另外四个竞争团队,它们分别是日本T2K實驗美国费米实验室主注入器中微子震盪探索英语MINOS法国双绍实验以及韩国中微子震盪反應堆實驗英语Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation[14]

參與者邢志忠自評「不是诺贝尔奖量级,但很重要」[15]

评价

反中微子能譜

2016年2月,大亞灣中微子實驗團隊發表論文表示,測量反中微子能譜獲得令人驚訝的結果,在5 MeV能量附近,反中微子數量超過理論預期。這未曾預期到的實驗結果暗示,當今理論可能需要改善。[16]另外還發現,收集到的反電中微子數量比理論預測低6%。這結果意味著有些反電中微子可能以變換成無法探測到的輕質量惰性中微子[17]

退役

2020年12月12日,在运行了九年后,由于微子振荡振幅的测量精度已达到极限值,实验设施继续运行已没有意义,大亚湾反应堆中微子实验装置正式退役。[1][18]

实验装置退役后,设备将被拆卸撤场,之后实验场地将正式移交给中微子实验所在的中广核集团,由中广核集团进行后续的开发利用。

合作者

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 大亚湾反应堆中微子实验装置举行退役仪式. 中国科学院. 2020-12-14 [2023-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-26). 
  2. ^ Daya Bay collaboration. A side-by-side comparison of Daya Bay antineutrino detectors (PDF). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 22 May 2012, 685 (1): 78–97 [2015-10-11]. Bibcode:2012NIMPA.685...78A. arXiv:1202.6181可免费查阅. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.05.030. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-12). 
  3. ^ Li, Xiaonan. Daya Bay II: Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) (PDF). Windows On the Universe. August 2013 [2015-10-11]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03). 
  4. ^ Groundbreaking at JUNO. Interactions NewsWire. 10 January 2015 [2015-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-19). 
  5. ^ Wang, Zhimin. JUNO Central Detector and its prototyping. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. XIV International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2015) 718. Torino, Italy: 062075. 2016. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/718/6/062075. (原始内容存档于2020-11-28) 使用|archiveurl=需要含有|url= (帮助). The whole project of JUNO is going on schedule which aims to fill detector and take data at 2020 
  6. ^ 2011. 大亚湾核电站收获中微子 求解反物质消失之谜. 麻省理工《科技创业》. 2011-09-05 [2011-09-06]. 
  7. ^ 大亚湾新中微子振荡或解宇宙反物质消失之谜. 人民日报(北京) (网易新闻). 2012-03-18 [2012-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-21). 
  8. ^ Daya Bay Collaboration. Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay. Physical Review Letters. 2012, 108 (17): 171803. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.108q1803A. arXiv:1203.1669可免费查阅. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.171803. 
  9. ^ Adrian Cho. Physicists in China Nail a Key Neutrino Measurement. ScienceNow. 8 March 2012 [2012年3月18日]. (原始内容存档于2013年5月9日). 
  10. ^ Eugenie Samuel Reich. Neutrino oscillations measured with record precision. NatureNews. 8 March 2012 [2012-03-18]. doi:10.1038/nature.2012.10202. (原始内容存档于2012-10-06). 
  11. ^ Recent Results from Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. arXiv:1505.03641. 14 May 2015. (原始内容存档于2019-12-24). 
  12. ^ 大亚湾中微子实验发现新的中微子振荡. 中国科学院高能物理研究所. 03-08-2012 [2012-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-12). 
  13. ^ Neutrino oscillations measured with record precision. nature. 2012-03-08 [2012-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-06). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Physicists in China Nail a Key Neutrino Measurement. Science. 2012-03-08 [2012-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-09). 
  15. ^ 大亚湾突破,够不够诺贝尔奖_特色频道_财新网. [2015-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-16). 
  16. ^ Daya Bay Collaboration; An, F. P.; Balantekin, A. B.; Band, H. R.; Bishai, M.; Blyth, S.; Butorov, I.; Cao, D.; Cao, G. F. Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay. Physical Review Letters. 2016-02-12, 116 (6): 061801 [2016-02-27]. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061801. (原始内容存档于2020-06-13). 
  17. ^ Cowen, Ron. Reactor data hint at existence of fourth neutrino. ScienceNews. 25 Feb 2016 [2016-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-26). 
  18. ^ 陆成宽. 【科技日报】别了,大亚湾中微子实验. 中国科学院. 科技日报. 2020-12-14 [2023-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-03). 

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