偽黃昏鱷屬

偽黃昏鱷屬
化石时期:三疊紀诺利期
骨架模型
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
科: 喙头鳄科 Sphenosuchidae
属: 偽黃昏鱷屬 Pseudhesperosuchus
Bonaparte, 1969
模式種
偽黃昏鱷
Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri

Bonaparte, 1969

偽黃昏鱷屬學名Pseudhesperosuchus)是喙頭鱷亞目的一屬,是種原始鱷形超目動物,鱷形超目包含現代鱷魚與其史前近親。化石是一個部分骨骼、頭顱骨,發現於阿根廷三疊紀晚期地層。

發現歷史與敘述

正模標本(編號PVL 3830)包含:頭顱骨、下頜、大部分脊椎肩帶、部分前肢與後肢。化石發現於阿根廷的洛斯科洛拉多斯組(Los Colorados Formation)地層,地質年代相當於諾利階。在1969年,约瑟·波拿巴(José Bonaparte)將這些化石命名為偽黃昏鱷Pseudhesperosuchus jachaleri),屬名意為「假的黃昏鱷[1]。頭顱骨雖然完整,但保存狀態差。在過去,某些部位骨頭被錯誤鑑定成其他部位[2]。在2002年的喙頭鱷類親緣分支分類法研究,發現偽黃昏鱷與數種喙頭鱷類的演化位置無法確定,跟喙頭鱷、其他鱷形類的關係仍未定[3]。在某份早期研究,曾將偽黃昏鱷的屬名誤植為Pseudohesperosuchus[4]

分類

以下為1992年美國芝加哥大學古生物學家保羅·塞里諾(Paul C. Sereno)與德國斯圖加特國家自然博物館德语Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart的古生物學家魯玻特·威爾德(Rupert Wild)在對於原美頷龍的研究論文中所做的研究[5]

鱷形超目

鱷形類

跳鱷屬 Saltoposuchus

佩德弋鱷屬 Pedeticosaurus

陸鱷屬 Terrestrisuchus

喙頭鱷屬 Sphenosuchus

裂頭鱷屬 Dibothrosuchus

偽黃昏鱷 Pseudhesperosuchus

而在2000年,美國喬治華盛頓大學的古生物學家詹姆士·克拉克(James M. Clark)等人發表編號 CM 29894 的黃昏鱷新標本時,在發表文獻中列出了如下的演化分支圖[2]

鱷形超目

BP/1/5237

短吻鱷屬 Alligator

原鱷屬 Protosuchus

陸鱷屬 Terrestrisuchus

偽黃昏鱷屬 Pseudhesperosuchus

 黃昏鱷屬 Hesperosuchus 

AMNH 6758

CM 29894

UCMP 129470

跳鱷屬 Saltoposuchus

喙頭鱷屬 Sphenosuchus

裂頭鱷屬 Dibothrosuchus

參考資料

  1. ^ Bonaparte, José F. Dos nuevos "faunas" de reptiles triásicos de Argentina. Gondwana Stratigraphy. Paris: UNESCO. 1969: 283–306. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Clark, James M., James M.; Sues, Hans–Dieter; and Berman, Davd S. A new specimen of Hesperosuchus agilis from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and the interrelationships of basal crocodylomorph archosaurs (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2000, 20 (4): 683–704 [2015-08-10]. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0683:ANSOHA]2.0.CO;2. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-05-24). 
  3. ^ Clark, James M.; and Sues, Hans-Dieter. Two new species of basal crocodylomorphs and the status of the Sphenosuchia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2002, 136 (1): 77−96. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00026.x. 
  4. ^ Carroll, Robert L. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman & Co. 1988. ISBN 0716718227. 
  5. ^ Sereno, Paul C.; and Wild, Rupert. Procompsognathus: theropod, “thecodont” or both?. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1992, 12 (4): 435−458. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011473. 

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