佩恩 (希腊神)

希腊神话中,Paean古希臘語Παιάν)、PaeëonPaieon (Παιήων)或PaeonPaion (Παιών)是众神的医生[1] [2]

迈锡尼文明

佩恩(Paean)是迈锡尼文明阿波罗太阳神的另一个名字;用线形文字B的写法是𐀞𐀊𐀺𐀚pa-ja-wo-ne[3] [4] [5]

荷马和赫西俄德

伊利亚特》这本书分别提到Παιήων(治愈之神)的名字两次。[6]第一次在第五卷书中,狄俄墨德斯雅典娜的协助下将奥林匹亚战神阿瑞斯打败。受伤的阿瑞斯被匆匆的带到奥林匹斯山寻求救治。佩恩施药(古希臘語φάρμακα)后伤势即刻得到缓解。[7] 第二次,当哈得斯赫拉克勒斯的箭射伤时,在向佩恩寻求治疗时,佩恩也对哈得斯施予类似的治疗。[8] 在《奥德赛》一书中,荷马谈到埃及时提到:“在那片大地上,谷物的给予者,蕴藏着许多的药物。那些药物,有一些在混合后能带来疗愈,但也有许多可以带来伤害;那里的每个人都是医生,他们有着超乎人类的智慧;因为他们是佩恩的后裔。”[9]

根据 赫西俄德,佩恩是一个独立的神明:“除非阿波罗将他从死亡中拯救出来,或者佩恩,那能治疗万物的神。”[10][11]

随着时间的推移,佩恩成了阿波罗的另一个绰号。阿波罗也具有带来疾病的能力。为了安抚祂,阿波罗也被称为治疗之神。[10]再后来,佩恩成为治疗师神Asclepius的绰号。[11]

注释

  1. ^ Παιάν. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  2. ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. Marshall Cavendish. 2005: 1069 [2022-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-7614-7559-0. (原始内容存档于2022-05-14). 
  3. ^ Schofield, Louise. The Mycenaeans. The British Museum Press. 2007: 160 [2022-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-89236-867-9. (原始内容存档于2022-04-29). 
  4. ^ KN V 52+. Deaditerranean: Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-18). 
  5. ^ Chadwick, John. The Mycenaean World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1976: 89. ISBN 0-521-29037-6.  At Google Books.
  6. ^ Gantz, p. 96.
  7. ^ Homer, Iliad,Book 5, line 899. www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-29). 
  8. ^ Homer, Iliad,Book 5, line 363. www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-29). 
  9. ^ Homer, Odyssey, Book 4, line 219. www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University. [2022-04-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Graf 2009.
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Eustathius of Thessalonica, on Homer, §1494; Virgil. Aeneid, vii. 769.

参考文献

  • Connor, Peter, "Paeon" in Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology, Publisher: Marshall Cavendish Corporation (January 2005). ISBN 978-0-7614-7559-0.
  • Hesiod; Evelyn-White, Hugh G. Hesiod the Homeric Hymns and Homerica. BiblioBazaar, LLC. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4264-7293-0. 
  • Gantz, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0801853609 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0801853623 (Vol. 2).
  • Graf, Fritz. Apollo. Taylor & Francis. 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-31711-5. 
  • Homer. The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
  • Homer. The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919.
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1940. 
  • Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Paean" 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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