ㄒ

注音符號
灰底不用於國語官方注音；每格次行爲萬國音標
聲母
發音
方式		 塞音 擦音
全清 次清 全濁 次濁 清 濁
重脣 ㄅ
/p/		 ㄆ
/pʰ/		 ㆠ
/b/		 ㄇ
/m/
/β/
輕脣 ㄈ
/f/		 ㄪ
/v/
舌尖 ㄉ
/t/		 ㄊ
/tʰ/
/d/		 ㄋ
/n/		 ㆹ
/ɫ˭~ɫʰ/		 ㄌ
/l/
軟齶 ㄍ
/k/		 ㄎ
/kʰ/		 ㆣ
/ɡ/		 ㄫ
/ŋ/		 ㄏ
/x/		 ㆸ
/ɣ/
脣軟齶 ㆼ
/kʷ/		 ㆽ
/kʷʰ/
喉
/ʔ/		 ㄏ
/h/
/ɦ/
舌冠 ㄐ
/tɕ/		 ㄑ
/tɕʰ/		 ㆢ
/dʑ/		 ㄬ
/ɲ~ȵ/		 ㄒ
/ɕ/		 、ㆺ
/ʑ/
翹舌 ㄓ
/tʂ/		 ㄔ
/tʂʰ/
/dʐ/		 ㄕ
/ʂ/		 ㄖ
/ɻ~ʐ/
平舌 ㄗ
/ts/		 ㄘ
/tsʰ/		 ㆡ
/dz/		 ㄙ
/s/
/z/
介母、高元音
部位 前 中 後
普通 ㄧ
/i~j/		 ㄩ
/y~ɥ/		 ㆨ
/ɨ/		 ㄭ
/ɯ/		 ㄨ
/u~w/
鼻化 ㆪ
/ĩ/		 ㆫ
/ũ/
韻母
單韻 ㄚ
/a/		 ㆩ
/ã/		 ㆿ
/ɐ/
ㄛ
/o/		 ㆦ
/ɔ/		 ㆧ
/ɔ̃/		 ㄜ
ㄝ ㆤ ㆥ ㆾ
複韻 ㄞ
/ai/		 ㆮ ㄟ
/ei/		 ㄠ
/au/		 ㆯ ㄡ
/ou/
鼻韻 ㆬ
/m̩/		 ㆰ
/am/		 ㆱ
/ɔm/
ㄯ
/n̩/		 ㄢ
/an/
/ɔn/		 ㄣ
ㆭ
/ŋ̩/		 ㄤ
/aŋ/		 ㆲ
/ɔŋ/		 ㄥ
韻尾 ㆴ
/p̚/		 ㆵ
/t̚/		 ㆻ
/k̚/		 ㆷ
/ʔ̚/
其他 ㄦ
聲調
官話 ˉ ˊ ˇ ˋ ˙
客閩 ˪ ˫

ㄒ是注音符號中的聲母之一，字形取自「下」的古字「丅」，發音則取官話「下」字的聲母。《說文解字》：「丅：底也。指事。」

「ㄒ」（）的官話、閩南語發音為清齦顎擦音/ɕ/，不過單講「ㄒ」這個符號時通常會發為「ㄒㄧ」。

在漢語拼音中對應的為〔x〕，威妥瑪拼音中為〔hs〕；由於「ㄒ」與「ㄙ」或「ㄕ」為互補分佈，通用拼音和臺羅拼音則都與「ㄙ」共用〔s〕，取決於韻母來發聲。

在粵語中，「ㄒ」用來表示清齒齦擦音/s/或清顎齦擦音/ʃ/，有少數人也會讀成清齦顎擦音/ɕ/，這三個音在粵語裏是自由變異。 粵拼中寫作〔s〕。

注音字母苗文中，「ㄒ」同時表示不送氣清齦顎擦音/ɕ˭/〔x〕跟送氣清齦顎擦音/ɕʰ/〔hx〕。

相關變體

在注音符號的擴充版本閏音符號中，增加了增加了「」作為「ㄒ」的濁音對應，寫法為最末筆收個圓但不突出。「」發音為浊龈颚擦音/ʑ/，也可用於中古漢語等有浊龈颚擦音的漢語。注意的是臺灣方音符號不設此符號，但由於臺灣話分為泉腔與漳腔，所謂「ㆢ」為「ㄐ」的濁音僅適用泉腔；「ㆢ」在漳腔中發為「ㄒ」的濁音，然而臺灣方音符號仍用「ㆢ」表示。

苗語也有濁齦顎擦音/ʑ/〔y〕，作為清音版/ɕ/的對應，注音字母苗文以「」記之，並獲Unicode收錄。

編碼與拼音

字元 圖檔 編碼 國際音標 漢語拼音 威妥瑪拼音 臺羅拼音 通用拼音 粵拼 馬拼 拉丁苗文
Unicode Big5 GB 2312
ㄒ U+3112 A3A3 A8D2 ɕ x[1] hs s s s x
s / ʃ s
ɕʰ hx
未收錄 未收錄 未收錄 ʑ j
ㆺ U+31BA 未收錄 未收錄 y

註解

  1. ^ 漢語拼音的擴充版本閩南方言拼音方案中改作〔s〕。

參考資料

  • 國語統一籌備委員會：《注音符號總表》，北平：國語統一籌備委員會，1932年4月。
  • 廣東省人民政府文敎廳：《廣州音農民速成識字課本》，廣州：華南人民出版社，1952年8月。
  • 廣東省人民政府文敎廳：《廣州音職工速成識字課本》，廣州：華南人民出版社，1952年11月。
  • 中國文字改革硏究委員會祕書處拼音方案工作組：《全國主要方言區方音對照表》，北京：中華書局，1954年12月。
  • 吳守禮：《國臺對照活用辭典》，臺北：遠流，2000年8月。
  • 教育部國語推行委員會：《國語注音符號手冊》，臺北：教育部，2000年11月。

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