Xạ khuẩn


Xạ khuẩn
Hình ảnh của Actinomyces israelii dưới kính hiển vi điện tử.
Phân loại khoa học
Giới (regnum)Bacteria
Ngành (phylum)Actinobacteria
Margulis
Lớp (class)ActinobacteriaStackebrandt et al. 1997
Phân lớp

Xạ khuẩn (danh pháp khoa học: Actinobacteria; tiếng Anh: Actinomycetes) là một nhóm vi khuẩn nhân sơ

(Eubacteria) phân bố rất rộng rãi trong tự nhiên. Trước kia được xếp vào Tản thực vật (tức nấm), nhưng ngày nay chúng được xếp vào vi khuẩn (Schizomycetes)

Xạ khuẩn có nhiều nét khác với nấm nhưng giống vi khuẩn:

Xạ khuẩn sống trong đất, tham dự vào quá trình chuyển hóa tự nhiên của nhiều hợp chất trong đất.

Phân loài

Ngành Xạ khuẩn Actinobacteria
Lớp Xạ khuẩn Actinobacteria

Ứng dụng

Đặc tính của xạ khuẩn là khả năng tiết kháng sinh (antibiotic), dùng làm thuốc điều trị bệnh cho người, gia súc và cây trồng. Xạ khuẩn còn có khả năng sinh ra các vitamin thuộc nhóm B, một số amino acid và các acid hữu cơ. Xạ khuẩn còn có khả năng tiết ra các enzym (proteas, amylaz...) và trong tương lai có thể dùng xạ khuẩn để chế biến thực phẩm thay cho nấm và vi khuẩn vì nấm có thể sinh ra aflatonxin độc cho người và gia súc.

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