Büyük kütleli yıldızlar listesi

Eta Carinae, Bayer ismini taşıyan en büyük yıldız
R136

Güneş kütlesine (M☉) göre keşfedilen en büyük yıldızların listesidir.

Belirsizlikler ve uyarılar

Aşağıda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu tartışmaya açıktır ve mevcut araştırmanın konusu olarak inceleme altındadır. Bu yıldızlar kütlelerinin ve diğer özelliklerinin sürekli olarak gözden geçirilmesine tabidir. Aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen kütlelerin çoğu, yıldızların sıcaklık ve mutlak parlaklıklarının ölçümleri kullanılarak teorik olarak belirlenmektedir. Hem teori, hem de ölçümler mevcut bilgi ve teknolojinin sınırlarını zorlamaktadır bu nedenle her ikisi de yanlış olabilir. Örneğin, VV Cephei yıldızı hangi özelliğinin incelendiğine bağlı olarak 25–40 M☉ veya 100 M☉ arasında olabilir.

Güvenilir nadir tahminler

Tutulması olan ikili yıldızlar, kütleleri bir miktar güvenle tahmin edilen tek yıldızlardır. Ancak, aşağıdaki tabloda listelenen hemen hemen tüm kütlelerin dolaylı yöntemlerle çıkarıldığını unutmayın; tablodaki kütlelerin sadece birkaçı tutulma sistemleri kullanılarak belirlendi.

Yıldız evriminin önemi

Bazı yıldızlar bir zamanlar bugün olduğundan daha ağır olabilir. Birçoğunun, yüksek hızlı rüzgarların sıcak fotosfer tarafından uzaya yönlendirildiği süper rüzgar süreci tarafından belki de onlarca güneş kütlesi kadar önemli kütle kaybına maruz kalması muhtemeldir.

80M☉'den büyük yıldızlar
Yıldız adı Kütle
(Güneş= 1) 		Dünya'ya uzaklık (Işık yılı) Kütleyi hesaplamak için kullanılan model Kaynaklar
R136a1 315 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
R136c 230 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
BAT99-98 226 165.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [2]
R136a2 195 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Melnick 42 189 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [3]
R136a3 180 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
HD 15558 >152 ± 51 24.400 İkili [4][5]
VFTS 682 150 164.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [6]
R136a6 150 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Melnick 34 A 147 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [7]
LH 10-3209 A 140 160.000[8] [9]
Melnick 34 B 136 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [7]
NGC 3603-B 132 ± 13 24.700 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [10]
HD 269810 130 163.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [11]
P871 130 ? [9]
WR 42e 130 ± 5 25.000 Üçlü sistemde fırlama [12]
R136a4 124 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Arches-F9 121 ± 10 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
NGC 3603-A1a 120 24.700 Tutulmalı ikili [10]
LSS 4067 120 9.500-12.700 Evrimsel model [14]
NGC 3603-C 113 ± 10 22.500 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [10]
Cygnus OB2-12 110 5.220 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [15]
WR 25 110 10.500 İkili?
style="background: Şablon:Star-color;" |HD 93129 A  110 7.500 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli
WR21a A 103.6 26.100 İkili [16]
BAT99-33 (R99) 103 16.400 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [2]
Arches-F1 110 ± 9 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
Arches-F6 106 ± 5 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
R136a5 101 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
η Carinae A 100 7.500 Parlaklık / İkili [17] Bayer ismine sahip en büyük yıldız
Peony Star (WR 102ka) 100 26.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [18]
Cygnus OB2 #516 100 4.700 Parlaklık?
Sk -68°137 99 ? [9]
R136a8 96 157.000 Evrimsel model [1]
Arches-F7 96 ± 6 25.000 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
HST-42 95 ? [9]
P1311 94 ? [9]
Sk -66°172 94 ? [9]
R136b 93 163.000 Evrimsel model [1]
NGC 3603-A1b 92 24.800 [10]
HST-A3 91 ? [9]
HD 38282 B >90 Parlaklık [19]
Cygnus OB2 #771 90 4.700 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli?
HSH95 31 87 Evrimsel model[1]
HD 93250 86.83 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [20]
Arches-F15 88.5 ± 8.5 Parlaklık / atmosfer modeli [13]
LH 10-3061 85 160.000[8] [9]
BI 253 84
WR20a A 82.7 ± 5.5 Tutulmalı ikili [21]
MACHO 05:34-69:31 82 ? [9]
WR20a B 81.9 ± 5.5 Tutulmalı ikili [21]
NGC 346-3 81 ? [9]
HD 38282 A >80 Parlaklık [19]
Sk -71 51 80 Parlaklık [22]
Cygnus OB2-8B 80 Parlaklık?
WR 148 80 ? [23]
HD 97950 80 ?

80 Güneş kütlesinden küçük yıldızlara örnekler:

Var 83 in M33
25–79 Güneş kütlesindeki bazı yıldızlar
Yıldız adı Kütle
(Güneş= 1) 		Metod Kaynaklar
R139 A 78 [24]
V429 Carinae A 78
WR 22 78
Pismis 24-17 78 [25]
Cygnus OB2-11 73+32
-24 		[26]
Arches-F12 70–82
R126 70
M33 X-7 70 [27]
BD+43 3654 70
HD 93205 69 [9]
R136a7 69 Evrimsel model[1]
HD 93403 A 68.5
Arches-F18 67–82
Arches-F4 66–76
Arches-F28 66–76
HD 5980 B 66
HD 5980 A 61
60–85
S Monocerotis 59
WR 21a B 58.3 [16]
WR 102ea 58 [28]
CD Crucis A 57 [29]
HD 16691 56.6 [30]
ζ Puppis (Naos) 56.1 [30]
Arches-F21 56–70
Plaskett's Star B 56
Arches-F10 55–69
9 Sagittarii A 55
AG Carinae 55
BAT99-119 (R145) 53+20
-40 + 54+20
-40 		İkili [31][a]
Arches-F14 54–65
BD+40° 4210 54
Plaskett's Star A 54
Arches-F3 52–63
HD 93129 B 52 [32]
Cygnus OB2-4 52
Arches-B1 50–60
CD Crucis B 48 [29]
Arches-F20 47–57
LH54-425 A=47 ± 2, B=28 ± 1 İkili[33] [33]
Arches-F16 46–56
WR 102c 45–55 [18]
HD 15558 B 45 ± 11 [4][5]
S Doradus 45
HD 50064 45
WR 141 45 [23]
IRS-8* 44.5 [34]
Cygnus OB2-8A A 44.1
Cygnus OB2-1 44
Cygnus OB2-10 43.1±14 [26]
Arches-F8 43–51
α Camelopardalis 43
Pismis 24-2 43
χ2 Orionis 42.3
Cygnus OB2-8C 42.2±14 [26]
Arches-F2 42–49
Cygnus OB2-6 42
HD 108 42
Sher 25 in NGC 3603 40–52
θ1 Orionis C 40
μ Normae 40
ρ Cassiopeiae 40 [35]
Cygnus OB2-7  39,7+17
-10 		[26]
Pismis 24-16 38
Pismis 24–25 38
Cygnus OB2-8A B 37.4
HD 93403 B 37.3
ζ1 Scorpii 36
Pismis 24-13 35
IC 10 X-1[36] 35
Cygnus OB2-9 A >34
Cygnus OB2-18 33
ζ Orionis (Alnitak) 33
Arches-F5 31–36
Cygnus OB2-5 A 31
Cygnus OB2-9 B >30
η Carinae B 30–80 Parlaklık/İkili [37]
ε Orionis (Alnilam) 30–64.5[38]
19 Cephei 30–35
γ Velorum A (Regor A) 30
P Cygni 30
HD 179821 30 [39]
VY Canis Majoris 30 (17–40) [40][41]
VFTS 352 A=28.63 ± 0.3. B=28.85 ± 0.3 [42]
The Pistol Star (V4647 Sgr) 27.5
HR 5171 Aa 27-36 [43]
10 Lacertae 26.9
ξ Persei (Menkib) 26–36
6 Cassiopeiae 25 [44]
Pismis 24-3 25
NGC 7538 S 25 [45]
VFTS 102 25
WOH G64 25 [46]

Notlar

  1. ^ The masses were revised with better data, but refinements are still needed.

Kaynakça

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