Gamma Doradus-variabel

Gamma Doradus-variabel
  • Huvudtyp: Pulserande variabel
  • Förkortning: GDOR
  • Prototypstjärna: Gamma Doradus
  • Karaktäristika: Unga, tidiga stjärnor i huvudserien med små fluktuationer och en period av ungefär ett dygn[1]
  • Antal: 60 stjärnor redovisades som GDOR-variabler i GCVS 2009[2]

Gamma Doradus-variabler är variabla stjärnor som visar variationer i magnitud på grund av icke-radiella pulseringar på ytan. Stjärnorna är typiskt unga, tidiga stjärnor i huvudserien av spektraltyp F eller sena typ A, och typiska ljusstyrkefluktuationer är 0,1 enheter med period i storleksordningen ett dygn. Denna klass av variabla stjärnor är relativt ny, som har identifierats först under andra hälften av 1990-talet, och detaljer om den underliggande fysiska orsaken till variationerna är fortfarande under utredning (2019).

Observationshistorik

Stjärnan 9 Aurigae observerades första gången som variabel år 1990. Ingen av de då accepterade variabeltyperna var tillräckliga, eftersom den pulserade för långsamt. Den var också utanför Delta Scutis instabilitetsband och det fanns inga bevis för något förmörkande material, även om Gamma Doradus och HD 96008 noterades vara likartade.[3] Dessa tre stjärnor, liksom HD 224638, antogs snart tillhöra en ny klass av variabla stjärnor där variabilitet producerades av pulseringar i g-mod- snarare än p-mod-pulseringar av Delta Scuti-variabler.[4] HD 224945 och HD 164615 noterades likaså, medan HD 96008 uteslöts på grund av dess mer regelbundna period.[5] Förmörkelser och stjärnfläckar uteslöts också snart som orsak till Gamma Doradus-variabilitet,[6] och variabiliteten hos 9 Aurigae bekräftades orsakas av g-mod-pulseringar ett år senare, vilket bekräftade stjärnorna som prototyper för en ny klass av variabla stjärnor.[7] Mer än tio kandidater hittades snabbt,[8] och upptäckarna kallade gruppen Gamma Doradus-stjärnor, efter den första medlemmen och den ljusstarkaste av de bekräftade medlemmarna i gruppen.[9]

Lista över kända Gamma Doradus-variabler

Beteckning (namn)[10] Stjärnbild Upptäckt Maximum skenbar magnitud (mV)[11] Minimum skenbar magnitud (mV)[11] Period (dygn)[10] Spektralklass Kommentar
HD 8801 A
(V529 And) 		Andromeda Henry & Fekel (2005)[12] 6m,48
(Hipparcos) 		6m,51
(Hipparcos) 		0,40331 A7Vm Den först upptäckta hybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti-variabel[12]
V872 Ara[13] Altaret Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,37
(Hipparcos) 		6m,39
(Hipparcos) 		0,4266 A9V
9 Aur A Kusken Krisciunas (1993)[4] 4m,93 5m,50 1,2582 F2V En av de ursprungligen klassificerade stjärnorna[4]
17 CVn Jakthundarna Henry et al. (2011)[10] 5m,91 0,8862 F0:V Spektroskopisk dubbelstjärna; oklart vilken komponent som är variabel
HD 108100
(DD CVn) 		Jakthundarna Breger et al. (1996)[14] 7m,15 0,7541 F2V
V350 CMa A Stora hunden Eyer & Aerts (2000)[15] 6m,18 6m,27 0.7750
10,959 		F2V Har två distinkta perioder
V1026 Cen[13] Kentauren Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 9m,33
(Hipparcos) 		9m,38
(Hipparcos) 		1,1857 A3:m
HD 17163 Valfisken Henry et al. (2011)[10] 6m,04 0,42351 F1V
HD 14940[13]
(EP Cet) 		Valfisken Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,74 6m,77 0,5004 F0IV/V
43 Cyg Svanen Henry et al. (2005)[16] 5m,75
(Hipparcos) 		5m,84
(Hipparcos) 		0,79955 F0V
γ Dor Svärdfisken Krisciunas (1993)[4] 4m,23 4m,27 0,7570 F1V En av de ursprungligen klassificerade stjärnorna[4]
8 Dra Draken Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 5m,26
(Hipparcos) 		5m,34
(Hipparcos) 		0,42450 F1VmA7(n)
DI Gru[13] Tranan Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 8m,68 8m,76 0,8668 F3IV
V1325 Her Herkules Kaye et al. (1998)[17] 6m,38 0,4210 F0V
80 Leo Lejonet Henry & Fekel (2002)[18] 6m,34 6m,37 0,45286 F3IV
HD 40745
(AC Lep) 		Haren Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,28
(Hipparcos) 		6m,30
(Hipparcos) 		0,82427 F2IV
HD 69682 Lodjuret Henry et al. (2011)[10] 6m,50 0,53189 A9V
DO Lyn Lodjuret Kaye et al. (1999)[19] 7m,17 0,62447 F0V
HD 50747[20] Enhörningen Dolez et al. (2009)[20] 5m,45 4.865
0,956 		A4IV Trippelstjärna, oklart vilken komponent som är variabel
HD 49434 Enhörningen Bruntt et al. (2002)[21] 5m,75 0,57644 F1V Hybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti-variabel[22]
HD 41547 A Enhörningen Henry et al. (2007)[23] 5m,87 0,81123 F4V
α Oph[24]
(Rasalhague) 		Ormbäraren Monnier et al. (2010)[24] 2m,08 0,5850 A5IV Hybrid Gamma Doradus/Delta Scuti-variabel
73 Oph A Ormbäraren Fekel & Henry (2003)[25] 6m,11 (B) 0,61439 F0V+G1V
HD 164615
(V2118 Oph) 		Ormbäraren Mantegazza et al. (1994)[5] 7m,02 7m,09 0,8117 F2IV En av de ursprungligen klassificerade stjärnorna
V2502 Oph Ormbäraren Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,57 6m,67 1,307 F2V
HD 38309 Aa Orion Henry et al. (2011)[10] 6m,09 0,37703 F0III:n
NZ Peg Pegasus Henry et al. (2001)[26] 5m,83
(Hipparcos) 		5m,86
(Hipparcos) 		0,41113 F2V
HR 8799
(V342 Peg) 		Pegasus Rodriguez & Zerbi (1995)[27] 6m,00
(Hipparcos) 		6m,06
(Hipparcos) 		0,5053 A5V Lambda Bootis-stjärna och Vega-lik stjärna[28]
V372 Peg Pegasus Kaye et al. (1998)[17] 6m,53 (B) 2,594821 F3V
39 Peg Pegasus Henry et al. (2005)[16] 6m,43 6m,53 0,75574 F1V
HD 224638
(BT Psc) 		Fiskarna Krisciunas (1993)[4] 7m,8 (B) 1,2323 F0V En av de ursprungligen klassicerade stjärnorna[7]
HD 224945
(BU Psc) 		Fiskarna Mantegazza et al. (1994)[5] 6m,93 0,5432 A9V En av de ursprungligen klassicerade stjärnorna [7]
QW Pup Akterskeppet Poretti et al. (1997)[29] 4m,47 4m,50 0,9584 F0IV/V
ι TrA A Södra triangeln Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 5m,30
(Hipparcos) 		5m,42
(Hipparcos) 		1,4556 F4IV
EE Tuc[13] Tukanen Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,72
(Hipparcos) 		6m,82
(Hipparcos) 		0,6935 F2IV
V349 Tel[13] Kikaren Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 7m,60
(Hipparcos) 		7m,73
(Hipparcos) 		0,6953 F0V
KO UMa Stora björnen Kaye et al. (1999)[19] 7m,18 0,7691 F2V
UY UMi[13] Lilla björnen Aerts et al. (1998)[13] 6m,30
(Hipparcos) 		6m,38
(Hipparcos) 		0,7237 F2V
VX UMi Lilla björnen Henry et al. (2001)[26] 6m,48 (B) 0,34510 A9V

Se även

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, Gamma Doradus variable, 10 juli 2019.

Noter

  1. ^ Otero, S. A.; Watson, C.; Wils, P.. ”Variable Star Type Designations in the VSX” (på engelska). AAVSOs hemsida. American Association of Variable Star Observers. http://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=about.vartypes. Läst 6 februari 2020. 
  2. ^ ”Variability types, General Catalogue of Variable Stars” (på engelska). Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moskva, Ryssland. http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/iii/vartype.txt. Läst 6 februari 2020. 
  3. ^ Krisciunas, K.; Aspin, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Akazawa, H.; Claver, C. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Landis, H. J.; Luedeke, K. D.; Ohkura, N.; Ohshima, O.; Skillman, D. R. (1993). "The 9-AURIGAE System". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 263 (3): 781. arXiv:astro-ph/9304008. Bibcode:1993MNRAS.263..781K. doi:10.1093/mnras/263.3.781.
  4. ^ [a b c d e f] Krisciunas, K. (1993). "A new class of pulsating stars". American Astronomical Society. 183: #84.02. Bibcode:1993AAS...183.8402K.
  5. ^ [a b c] Mantegazza, L.; Poretti, E.; Zerbi, F. M. (1994). "Unusual Variability among Early F-Type Stars - HD224638 and HD224945". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (2): 439. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..439M. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.2.439.
  6. ^ Balona, L. A.; Krisciunas, K.; Cousins, A. W. J. (1994). "Gamma-Doradus - Evidence for a New Class of Pulsating Star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (4): 905. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..905B. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.4.905.
  7. ^ [a b c] Krisciunas, K.; Griffin, R. F.; Guinan, E. F.; Luedeke, K. D.; McCook, G. P. (1995). "9 Aurigae: Strong evidence for non-radial pulsations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 273 (3): 662. arXiv:astro-ph/9407094. Bibcode:1995MNRAS.273..662K. doi:10.1093/mnras/273.3.662.
  8. ^ Krisciunas, K.; Handler, G. (1995). "A List of Variable Stars Similar to gamma Dor". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 4195: 1. Bibcode:1995IBVS.4195....1K.
  9. ^ Krisciunas, K. (1995). "What is known and not known about Gamma Doradus stars". Delta Scuti Star Newsletter. 9: 17. Bibcode:1995DSSN....9...17K.
  10. ^ [a b c d e f] Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2011). ”A VOLUME-LIMITED PHOTOMETRIC SURVEY OF 114 γ DORADUS CANDIDATES”. The Astronomical Journal 142 (2): sid. 39. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/2/39. Bibcode: 2011AJ....142...39H. 
  11. ^ [a b] Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V. (2009). ”VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)”. VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/gcvs. Originally Published In: 2009yCat....102025S 1: sid. 02025. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S. 
  12. ^ [a b] Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C. (2005). ”HD 8801: A Unique Single Am Star with γ Doradus and δ Scuti Pulsations”. The Astronomical Journal 129 (4): sid. 2026–2033. doi:10.1086/428373. Bibcode: 2005AJ....129.2026H. 
  13. ^ [a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r] Aerts, C.; Eyer, L.; Kestens, E. (1998). ”The discovery of new gamma Doradus stars from the HIPPARCOS mission”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 337: sid. 790. Bibcode: 1998A&A...337..790A. 
  14. ^ Breger, M.; Handler, G.; Garrido, R.; Audard, N.; Beichbuchner, F.; Zima, W.; Paparo, M.; Li, Z.; et al. (1996). ”A new Gamma Doradus star, HD 108100”. Delta Scuti Star Newsletter 10: sid. 24. Bibcode: 1996DSSN...10...24B. 
  15. ^ Eyer, L.; Aerts, C. (2000). ”A search for new gamma Doradus stars in the Geneva photometric database”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 361: sid. 201. Bibcode: 2000A&A...361..201E. 
  16. ^ [a b] Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2005). ”Eleven New γ Doradus Stars”. The Astronomical Journal 129 (6): sid. 2815–2830. doi:10.1086/429876. Bibcode: 2005AJ....129.2815H. 
  17. ^ [a b] Kaye, A. B.; Bagnuolo, W. G.; Hall, D. S.; Henry, G. W. (1998). ”Recent Periodic Variations in Three Gamma Doradus Variables”. A Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretation: A Tribute to Arthur N. Cox 135: sid. 497. Bibcode: 1998ASPC..135..497K. 
  18. ^ Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C. (2002). ”Six New γ Doradus Stars”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 114 (799): sid. 988–998. doi:10.1086/341785. Bibcode: 2002PASP..114..988H. 
  19. ^ [a b] Kaye, Anthony B.; Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Gray, Richard O.; Rodríguez, Eloy; Martín, Susana; Gies, Douglas R.; Bagnuolo, William G.; et al. (1999). ”HD 62454 and HD 68192: Two New γ Doradus Variables”. The Astronomical Journal 118 (6): sid. 2997–3005. doi:10.1086/301136. Bibcode: 1999AJ....118.2997K. 
  20. ^ [a b] Dolez, N.; Vauclair, S.; Michel, E.; Hui-Bon-Hoa, A.; Vauclair, G.; Le Contel, D.; Mathias, P.; Poretti, E.; et al. (2009). ”HD 51106 and HD 50747: an ellipsoidal binary and a triple system observed with CoRoT”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 506 (1): sid. 159–165. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911903. Bibcode: 2009A&A...506..159D. 
  21. ^ Bruntt, H.; Catala, C.; Garrido, R.; Rodríguez, E.; Stütz, C.; Knoglinger, P.; Mittermayer, P.; Bouret, J. C.; et al. (2002). ”Abundance analysis of targets for the COROT/MONS asteroseismology missions”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 389 (1): sid. 345–354. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020549. Bibcode: 2002A&A...389..345B. 
  22. ^ Uytterhoeven, K.; Mathias, P.; Poretti, E.; Rainer, M.; Martín-Ruiz, S.; Rodríguez, E.; Amado, P. J.; Le Contel, D.; et al. (2008). ”The γ Doradus CoRoT target HD 49434”. Astronomy and Astrophysics 489 (3): sid. 1213–1224. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809992. Bibcode: 2008A&A...489.1213U. 
  23. ^ Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Stephen M. (2007). ”Photometry and Spectroscopy of 11 γ Doradus Stars”. The Astronomical Journal 133 (4): sid. 1421–1440. doi:10.1086/511820. Bibcode: 2007AJ....133.1421H. 
  24. ^ [a b] Monnier, J. D.; Townsend, R. H. D.; Che, X.; Zhao, M.; Kallinger, T.; Matthews, J.; Moffat, A. F. J. (2010). ”ROTATIONALLY MODULATEDg-MODES IN THE RAPIDLY ROTATING δ SCUTI STAR RASALHAGUE (α OPHIUCHI)”. The Astrophysical Journal 725 (1): sid. 1192. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1192. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...725.1192M. 
  25. ^ Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Gregory W. (2003). ”The Orbit and Pulsation Periods of the γ Doradus Variable HR 6844 (V2502 Ophiuchi)”. The Astronomical Journal 125 (4): sid. 2156–2162. doi:10.1086/368121. Bibcode: 2003AJ....125.2156F. 
  26. ^ [a b] Henry, Gregory W.; Fekel, Francis C.; Kaye, Anthony B.; Kaul, Ann (2001). ”10 New γ Doradus and δ Scuti Stars”. The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): sid. 3383–3395. doi:10.1086/324228. Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.3383H. 
  27. ^ Rodriguez, E.; Zerbi, F. M. (1995). ”A long period early F-type variable: HR8799”. Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 4170: sid. 1. Bibcode: 1995IBVS.4170....1R. 
  28. ^ Gray, Richard O.; Kaye, Anthony B. (1999). ”HR 8799: A Link between γ Doradus Variables and λ Bootis Stars”. The Astronomical Journal 118 (6): sid. 2993–2996. doi:10.1086/301134. Bibcode: 1999AJ....118.2993G. 
  29. ^ Poretti, E.; Koen, C.; Martinez, P.; Breuer, F.; Haupt, H.; De Alwis, D. (1997). ”Discovery and analysis of Gamma Doradus type pulsations in the F0 IV star HR 2740=QW PUP”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 292 (3): sid. 621. doi:10.1093/mnras/292.3.621. Bibcode: 1997MNRAS.292..621P. 

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