Galecyon

Galecyon
Временски распон: 56.0–50.3 Ma
рани еоцен
илустрација доње вилице врсте
Galecyon mordax
зуби врсте Galecyon morloi
Научна класификација e
Домен: Eukaryota
Царство: Animalia
Тип: Chordata
Класа: Mammalia
Ред: Hyaenodonta
Род: Galecyon
Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989[1]
Типска врста
Galecyon mordax
Matthew & Granger, 1915
Врсте
  • Galecyon chronius
  • Galecyon gallus
  • Galecyon mordax
  • Galecyon morloi
  • Galecyon peregrinus
Синоними
синоними рода:
  • Gallecyon (Lavrov, 1999)[2]
синоними врсте:
  • G. mordax:
    • Paeneprolimnocyon mordax (Delson, 1971)[3]
    • Prototomus mordax (Van Valen, 1965)[4]
    • Sinopa mordax (Matthew & Granger, 1915)

Galecyon (Галекион — „ласицолики пас”) је изумрли род плаценталних сисара из изумрлог реда Hyaenodonta, који је у периоду раног еоцена настањивао подручје Европе и Сјеверне Америке.[5][6]

Етимологија назива

Род: Поријекло назива од: Значење назива:
Galecyon ласицолики пас
Врсте: Поријекло назива од: Значење назива:
G. chronius
  • рода Galecyon
  • и латинске ријечи кронијус (лат. chronius), која значи издржљив
издржљиви Галекион
G. gallus Галекион из Галије
G. mordax
  • рода Galecyon
  • и латинске ријечи мордакс (лат. mordax), која значи гристи
Галекион који гризе
G. morloi
  • рода Galecyon
  • и презимена њемалког палентолога, доктора Михаела Морлоа
морлов Галекион
G. peregrinus
  • рода Galecyon
  • и латинске ријечи перегринус (лат. peregrinus), која значи страно
страни Галекион

Опис

Врсте из рода Galecyon су тежиле између 5,2 до 7,9 kg и достизале су величину омање црвене лисице.[7] За ралику од блиских сродника, ове врсте нису биле прилагођење пењању по дрвећу нити за брзо трчање, већ су по свом понашању биле сличне ждеравцу и америчким творовима.[7][8]

Систематика

Класификација

Род: Galecyon (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)
Врсте: Распрострањеност фосила
и локација:
Временски
распон:
G. chronius (Zack, 2011)[9]  САД (Вајоминг) 53,0 до 50,3 мил. год.
G. gallus (Solé, 2013)[10]  Француска (Прованса-Алпи-Азурна обала) 56,0 до 55,2 мил. год.
G. mordax (Matthew & Granger, 1915)[11]  САД (Вајоминг) 55,4 до 53,0 мил. год.
G. morloi (Smith & Smith, 2001)[12]  Белгија (покрајина Фламански Брабант) 56,0 до 55,2 мил. год.
G. peregrinus (Zack, 2011)  САД (Вајоминг) 55,4 до 53,0 мил. год.

Филогенија

Доље приказан кладограм представља филогенетске везе рода Galecyon.[13][14][15][16][17]

 †Hyaenodonta 

Eoproviverra

Boualitomidae

Arfiidae

Limnocyonidae

Sinopidae

Hyaenodontoidea

 †Galecyon 

Galecyon chronius

Galecyon morax

Galecyon peregrinus

Galecyon gallus

Galecyon morloi

Gazinocyon

Pyrocyon

Parvavorodon

Indohyaenodontidae

Glibzegdouia

 †Indohyaenodon група 

Koholiidae

Tritemnodon

 †Tritemnodon група 

Teratodontidae

Apterodontinae

Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon група 

Orienspterodon

Hyainailourinae

Hemipsalodon

Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus група 

Akhnatenavus

 ? 

"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

 ? 

Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

 ? 

Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

 ? 

Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

Kerberos

"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon група 

Pterodontina

 ? 

Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

"Pterodon" africanus

Parapterodon

 ? 

"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

"Pterodon" phiomensis

Hyainailourini

Paroxyaenini

Falcatodon

Sectisodon

Exiguodon

Isohyaenodon zadoki

Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

Isohyaenodon andrewsi

Sivapterodon

Hyainailouros bugtiensis

Hyainailouros napakensis

 †Hyainailouros 

Hyainailouros sulzeri

 ? 

Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

Simbakubwa

Leakitheriini

Megistotherium

Mlanyama

Metapterodontini

Pakakali

Prionogalidae

 †Hyainailouridae 
 †Hyainailouroidea 
 †Lahimia група 
 †Arfia група 
 †Galecyon група 
 †афро-арабијска група 

Временска распрострањеност рода Galecyon унутар реда Hyaenodonta

CreodontipusSarcotherichnusZanclonychopusDischidodacylusSarjeantipodidaeEoproviverraParvavorodonHyainailouroideaTritemnodonKoholiaGlibzegdouiaIndohyaenodontidaeGazinocyonPyrocyonHyaenodontoideaSinopidaeArfiaLimnocyonidaeBoualitomidaeФанерозоикКенозоикМезозоикКвартарНеогенПалеогенКреда (периода)ПлиоценМиоценОлигоценЕоценПалеоценГорња кредаMessinianTortonianSerravallianLanghianBurdigalianAquitanianChattianRupelianPriabonianBartonianLutetianYpresianThanetianSelandianDanian

Види још

Референце

  1. ^ Philip D. Gingerich and Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). „Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming” (PDF). Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327—391. 
  2. ^ A. V. Lavrov (1999) "Adaptive Radiation of Hyaenodontinae (Creodonta, Hyaenodontidae) of Asia." in 6th Congress of the Theriological Society, Moscow, April 13–16, p. 138 [in Russian].
  3. ^ E. Delson (1971) "Fossil mammals of the early Wasatchian Powder River local fauna, Eocene of northeast." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 146(4)
  4. ^ Van Valen, Leigh (1965). „Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)” (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665. 
  5. ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Приступљено 16. 3. 2015. 
  6. ^ „PaleoBiology Database: Galecyon, basic info”. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 01. 2021. г. Приступљено 12. 01. 2021. 
  7. ^ а б Zack, S. P.; Rose, K. D. (новембар 2015). „A postcranial skeleton of Galecyon: evidence for morphological and locomotor diversity in early Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Hyaenodontida)”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (6): e1001492. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.1001492. 
  8. ^ Johns Hopkins Medicine (2015.) "A well-preserved skeleton reveals the ecology and evolution of early carnivorous mammals"
  9. ^ Zack, S. P. (2011). „New species of the rare early Eocene creodont Galecyon and the radiation of early Hyaenodontidae”. Journal of Paleontology. 85 (2): 315—336. doi:10.1666/10-093.1. 
  10. ^ Floréal Solé; Emmanuel Gheerbrant; Marc Godinot (2013). „Sinopaninae and Arfianinae (Hyaenodontida, Mammalia) from the Early Eocene of Europe and Asia; evidence for dispersal in Laurasia around the Paleocene/Eocene boundary and for an unnoticed faunal turnover in Europe”. Geobios. 46 (4): 313—327. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2013.02.003. 
  11. ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
  12. ^ T. Smith and R. Smith (2001) "The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MP7)." Belgian Journal of Zoology 131(2):117-135
  13. ^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776Слободан приступ. 
  14. ^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. 
  15. ^ Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13. 
  16. ^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. 
  17. ^ Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). „A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China”. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. ISSN 2296-701X. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819/full. 

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