Christoph Willibald Gluck

Christoph Willibald Gluck
nemecký hudobný skladateľ
Joseph Duplessis, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Joseph Duplessis, Kunsthistorisches Museum
Narodenie2. júl 1714
Erasbach, Nemecko
Úmrtie15. november 1787 (73 rokov)
Viedeň, Rakúsko
Odkazy
CommonsSpolupracuj na Commons Christoph Willibald Gluck

Christoph Willibald Gluck (* 2. júl 1714, Erasbach, Nemecko - † 15. november 1787, Viedeň, Rakúsko) bol nemecký hudobný skladateľ a reformátor opernej tvorby.

Gluck bol predstaviteľom raného klasicizmu 17401770. Hoci Gluck spočiatku komponoval opery podľa strnulého talianskeho vzoru (do roku 1762 vytvoril asi 100 takýchto diel), napriek tomu však pochopil, ovplyvnený myšlienkami talianskeho libretistu Raniera de Calzabigiho, že hlavným zmyslom opery má byť hudobný výraz, dramatický dej a divadelná akcia, a nielen čisto efektný spev. Opera Orfeus a Eurydika bolo prvé Gluckovo dielo, v ktorom uskutočnil Calzabigiho podnety.

Gluck mal zaujímavý život, ktorý bol spojený aj s českým prostredím. Hoci sa narodil v Nemecku, už od detských liet striedal rôzne miesta pobytu v Čechách podľa toho, na ktorom šľachtickom panstve pôsobil jeho otec ako lesník. Po gymnáziu v Chomutove študoval v Prahe filozofiu a hudbu od Bohuslava Matěja Černohorského. Až roku 1784 sa stal kapelníkom dvornej opery vo Viedni, odkiaľ podnikal umelecké cesty najmä do Talianska, Francúzska a Veľkej Británie. V tom čase už bol Gluck váženou umeleckou osobnosťou. Hoci niekedy komponoval aj balety a sonáty, zostal prevažne operným skladateľom.

Orfeovskou operou začatá reforma - a jej pozitívny ohlas vo Viedni a v Paríži - inšpirovala skladateľa ku komponovaniu ďalších opier, v ktorých sa prehĺbil ideál skutočnej hudobnej drámy. Sú to prevažne tragické opery na antické námety: Alceste, Ifigénia v Aulide, Ifigénia v Tauride, Armida, ktoré do značnej miery ovplyvnili budúci vývoj tohto žánru u Mozarta a Wagnera.

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