Vardar

Vardar
Axios
Lokacija
Države Severna Makedonija,  Grčka
GradoviGostivar, Skopje, Veles, Gevgelija, Polikastro i Axioupoli
Hidrografija
Izvor
  – aps. visina
Vrutok, kod Gostivara, Šar Planina
683 m
Ušće
  – aps. visina
zapadno od Soluna
0 m
Dužina388 km
PritokeTreska, Pčinja, Crna Reka, Bregalnica, Gorgopis, Platanopotamos
Hidrologija
Protok
  – srednji

100 do 225 m³/s
Sliv
  – površina

20.500 km²
Ulijeva se uEgejsko more
Karta

Vardar (makedonski: Вардар, grčki: Αξιός [Aksiós], latinski: Axius) je najveća rijeka Republike Makedonije i jedna od većih na Balkanu. Dužina rijeke iznosi 388 km, a njeno porječje pokriva površinu od oko 20.500 km².

Geografske karakteristike

Vardar kod Velesa 1922. godine

Vardar izvire kod mjesta Vrutok, nekoliko kilometara sjeverno od Gostivara u Republici Makedoniji, zatim teče na sjever kroz Pološku kotlinu, zatim mjenja smjer naglo zaokreće na istok i teče tako do Skoplja. Od Skoplja nadalje rijeka teče relativno ravnomjerno u pravcu jugoistoka kao mirna nizinska rijeka sve do Grčke. Nakon Velesa Vardar prolazi kroz Tikvešku kotlinu gdje se u nju ulivaju njene najveće pritoke Crna Reka sa lijeve i Bregalnica sa desne strane. Potom teče kroz Demirkapijsku klisuru (kod Demir Kapije) i zatim kod Gevgelije ulazi u Grčku. Tu rijeka malo mijenja smjer i teče ravnomjerno na jug kroz Solunsko polje gdje se u Solunskom zaljevu ulijeva u Egejsko more. U svom donjem dijelu Vardar ima brojne riječne otoke, a na ušću veliku deltu.

Makedoniji pripada 80% riječnog toka Vardara (301 km), zbog čega je današnja Makedonija i nosila ime Vardarska banovina u vrijeme Kraljevine Jugoslavije.

Vardar kod sela Nogaevci (Tikveška kotlina)

Etimologija

  • Najprihvaćenija teorija o porijeklu imena Vardar je ona da ime potječe od tračke riječi Bardários ( 'crna voda').[1] Postoji i teorija da ime potječe od germanske riječi Vordol (crn, prljav) iz vremena Ostrogota, kad su oni boravili u tim krajevima.

Ime Bardários (Βαρδάριος) koristili su i stari Grci u 3. vijeku pne., a koristilo se i za Bizanta.

Izvori

  1. Orel, Vladimir. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003: 392.
  2. Axios, Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary, at Perseus

Vanjske poveznice

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