Fernando I od Portugala

Fernando I
Fernandova ilustracija sa minijature
Portugalska kralj
Vladavina 1367.-1383.
Prethodnik Pedro I
Nasljednik João I
Supruga Leonor Teles
Djeca Beatriz od Portugala i nekoliko vanbračnih Isabel od Viseua
Dinastija Burgundijci
Otac Pedro I
Majka Constança Manuel
Rođenje 31. oktobar, 1345.
Lisabon, Portugal
Smrt 22. oktobar 1383.
Lisabon, Portugal
Vjera Katolik

Fernando I (Lisabon, 31. oktobar, 1345.- Lisabon, 22. oktobar 1383.) bio je 9 Portugalski kralj koji je vladao od 1367. do 1383.

Njegova vladavina protekla je u ratovima sa Kraljevinom Kastiljom, ali istovremeno i stalnim rastom portugalske ekonomije.[1]

Biografija

Fernando je bio sin kralja Pedra I. On je nakon atentata na kastiljskog kralja Pedra I 1369. postao pretendent na kastiljski tron. Zbog tog je započeo prvi (1369.–71.) od 3 neuspješna rata sa Kastiljom. Nakon poraza se 1372. udružio sa Johnom od Gaunta, earlom iz Dinastije Lancaster, i poveo drugi rat s Kastiljom (1372.-73), u kom su kastiljske trupe prodrle u Portugal i opkolile Lisabon 1373. i tako prisilile Fernanda da odbaci engleski savez i prihvatiti uvjete kastiljskog kralja Enriquea II.[1]

Period mira koje je uslijedilo protekao je u nizu, često kontradiktornih diplomatskih pregovora, sa Engleskom, Kastiljom, Aragonom i Francuskom, ali se Fernando i nadalje čvrsto držao savezništva sa Kraljevinom Engleskom sa kojom je sklopio ugovor 16. juna 1373. To savezništvo je potvrdio novim ugovorom 1380, što je bio Casus belli za treći rat sa Kastiljom 1381.-82, I on je kao i predhodna dva završio porazom Portugala, i pored tog što su mu Englezi poslali Edmunda od Langleya sa vojskom u pomoć.[1]

Još jednom je bio prisiljen da u augustu 1382 potpiše mirovni ugovor sa Kastiljom i odrekne se saveznštva sa Englezima, koje je brodovima koje mu je posudio Juan od Kastilje vratio u Englesku.[1]

Paradoksalno je da je Fernando pored stalnih ratova našao vremena da se bavi poljoprivredom, vanjskom trgovinom, trgovačkom mornaricom i vojskom koje je zakonskim mjerama unaprijedio.[1]

Skupo ga je koštao brak sa ženom sumnjiva morala Leonor Teles 1372., koji je ozbiljno naštetio njegovu ugledu, a još više brak jedine zakonite kćeri Beatriz, sa Juanom I od Kastilje, sklopljen 30. aprila 1383. Taj brak je izazvao metež i dinastičku krizu nakon Fernandove smrti i doveo pod upitnik nasljedno pravo Burgundske dinastije, a na kraju rezultirao formiranjem nove Dinastije Aviz, novog kralja Joãa I.[1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 „Ferdinand I king of Portugal'” (engleski). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Pristupljeno 10.03.2024. 

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