Dinastija Jin (1115–1234)


大金
Veliki Jin
carstvo
?
 
?
1115–1234 ?
Položaj Jina
Položaj Jina
Dinastija Jin (označena plavo) o. 1141
Glavni grad Huining
(1122–1153)
Zhongdu
(1153–1214)
Kaifeng
(1214–1233)
Caizhou
(1233–1234)
Religija budizam, taoizam, konfucijanstvo, kineska narodna religija
Vlast monarhija
car
 - 1115–1123 Car Taizu
 - 1234 Car Modi
Historija
 - uspostava 28. januar
 - uništenje Liaoa 1125
 - osvajanje Bianlianga 9. januar 1127
 - Prestanak 9. februar
Valuta kineska kovanica, kineska gotovina
Historija Kine
Historija Kine
Historija Kine
DREVNA
3 Suverena & 5 Careva
Dinastija Xia 2100–1600 pne.
Dinastija Shang 1600–1046 pne.
Dinastija Zhou 1045–256 pne.
 Zapadni Zhou
 Istočni Zhou
   Period Proljeća i Jeseni
   Period Zaraćenih država
CARSKA
Dinastija Qin 221 pne.–206 pne.
Dinastija Han 206 pne.–220 n.e.
  Zapadni Han
  Dinastija Xin
  Istočni Han
Tri kraljevstva 220–280
  Wei, Shu & Wu
Dinastija Jin 265–420
  Zapadni Jin 16 kraljevstava
304–439
  Istočni Jin
Južne & Sjeverne dinastije
420–589
Dinastija Sui 581–618
Dinastija Tang 618–907
  ( Drugi Zhou 690–705 )
5 dinastija &
10 kraljevstava

907–960
Dinastija Liao
907–1125
Dinastija Song
960–1279
  Sjeverni Song Z. Xia
  Južni Song Jin
Dinastija Yuan 1271–1368
Dinastija Ming 1368–1644
Dinastija Qing 1644–1911
MODERNA
Republika Kina 1912–1949
Narodna Republika
Kina

1949–
Republika
Kina (Tajvan)

1945–

Dinastija Jīn (džurčenski: Anchun Gurun; kineski: 金朝pinyin: Jīn CháoWade-Giles: Chin Dynasty, IPA: [tɕîn tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]); mandžurski: Aisin Gurun; kitanski jezik: Nik, Niku;[2][3] mongolski: Altan Ulus; 1115–1234), također poznata kao Džurčenska ili Džurdžijska dinastija je bila dinastija džurčenskih vladara iz klana Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) koja je u 12. i 13. vijeku vladala područjem današnje Mandžurije, ruskog Dalekog Istoka i sjeverne Kine. Njeni potomci su u 17. vijeku osnovali mandžursku dinastiju Qing. Njen naziv se ponekad ispisuje kao Jinn kako bi ju se razlikovale od ranije kineske dinastije dinastije Jin čiji se naziv istovjetno ispisuje na latinici.

Dinastiju je 1115. osnovao džurčenski poglavica Wanyan Aguda (完顏阿骨打). U njegovo vrijeme su glavni neprijatelj Džurčena bili Kitani čija je dinastija Liao vladala sjevernom Kinom. Kako bi ih porazili, Džurčeni su sklopili tzv. Savez na moru sa dinastijom Song koja je vladala južnom Kinom. Zahvaljujući njemu je država Liao 1123. uništena. Međutim, samo dvije godine kasnije su se Džurčeni, osjetivši slabost cara Huizonga okrenuli protiv svojih saveznika, napali ih i početkom 1127. osvojili kinesku prijestolnicu Kaifeng zarobivši Huizonga i skoro sve članove njegove porodice. Ostaci dinastije Song su se povukli na jug gdje su sljedećih par decenija pružali otpor sve dok Sporazum u Shaoxingu 1141. nije uspostavio rijeku Huai kao granicu između dvije države. Iako su se Džurčeni masovno doselili u novoosvojena područja na jugu, njihova elita se relativno brzo sinizirala, mada su pojedini vladari dinastije promovirali džurčenski jezik i kulturu. Period dugog mira i prosperiteta je prestao početkom 13. vijeka kada su Džurčeni došli u sukob sa Mongolima i njihovim vođom Džingis Kanom. On je završen kada su Mongoli pod Ogedejem uz pomoć Južnog Songa 1232. napali dinastiju Jin, zauzeli Kaifeng; sljedeće godine je posljednji car Aizong izvršio samoubistvo, okončavši tako dinastiju.

Popis careva dinastije Jin

Suvereni dinastije Jin 1115–1234
Hramsko ime
Miao Hao
廟號
miàohào
Posthumno ime
Shi Hao
諡號
shìhào
Ime po rođenju
 
姓名
xìngmíng
Godine
vladavine
Ime ere
Nian Hao
年號
niánhào
i godine
Konvencija: "Jin" + hramsko ime ili posthumno ime
Tàizǔ
太祖
(1) Wányán Āgǔdǎ
完顏阿骨打
or
Wányán Min
完顏旻
1115–1123

Shōuguó (收國, 1115–1116) 
Tiānfǔ (天輔, 1117–1123)

Tàizōng
太宗
(1) Wányán Wúqǐmǎi
完顏吳乞買
or
Wányán Shèng
完顏晟
1123–1135 Tiānhuì (天會, 1123–1135)
Xīzōng
熙宗
(1) Wányán Hélá
完顏合剌
or
Wányán Dǎn
完顏亶
1135–1149

Tiānhuì (天會, 1135–1138) 
Tiānjuàn (天眷, 1138–1141) 
Huángtǒng (皇統, 1141–1149)

(2) Hǎilíngwáng
海陵王
Wányán Dígǔnǎi
完顏迪古乃
or
Wányán Liàng
完顏亮
1149–1161

Tiāndé (天德, 1149–1153) 
Zhènyuán (貞元, 1153–1156) 
Zhènglóng (正隆, 1156–1161)

Shìzōng
世宗
(1) Wányán Wūlù
完顏烏祿
or
Wányán Yōng
完顏雍
1161–1189 Dàdìng (大定, 1161–1189)
Zhāngzōng
章宗
(1) Wányán Jǐng
完顏璟
1189–1208 Míngchāng (明昌, 1190–1196) 

Chéng'ān (承安, 1196–1200) 
Tàihé (泰和, 1200–1208)

(2) Wèishàowáng
衛紹王
or
Wèiwáng
衛王
Wányán Yǒngjì
完顏永濟
1208–1213 Dà'ān
大安
1209-1212
 

Chóngqìng
崇慶
1212-1213
 
Zhìníng
至寧
1213

Xuānzōng
宣宗
(1) Wányán Xún
完顏珣
1213–1224 Zhēnyòu
貞祐
1213-1217
 

Xīngdìng
興定
1217-1222
 
Yuánguāng
元光
1222-1224

Āizōng
哀宗
(1) Wányán Shǒuxù
完顏守緒
1224–1234 Zhèngdà
正大
1224-1232
 

Kāixīng
開興
1232
 
Tiānxīng
天興
1232-1234

(2)
Mòdì
末帝
Wányán Chénglín
完顏承麟
1234 (2)

(1) Dugo i ne koristi se za ovog suverena.
(2) Nije postojalo

Izvori

  1. Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (2006). „East-West Orientation of Historical Empires”. Journal of world-systems research 12 (2): 219–229. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2018-12-25. Pristupljeno 2010-08-12. 
  2. „关于契丹小字中的 “金””. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-03-05. Pristupljeno 2013-02-13. 
  3. „天朝万顺(岁)”臆解可以休矣”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2011-09-27. Pristupljeno 2013-02-13. 

Literatura

Vanjske veze

Prethodi:
dinastija Liao
Dinastije u kineskoj historiji
1115-1234
Slijedi:
Mongolsko Carstvo

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