Džurdži

Mandžurac
Mandžurka
Mandžurska frizura

Džurdži, polunomadski tunguski narod sa sjeveroistoka današnje Kine, nastanjen na područjima kasnije Mandžurije, današnji Liaoning, Heilongjiang i Jilin, direktni predci suvremenih Mandžuraca. Džurdži su bili skupina više plemena: Divlji Džurdži, Wanyan, Jianzhou Džurdži, Haixi Džurdži, Mohe (Heishui Mohe, Sumo, Baishan, Haoshih, Anchegu, Bodo, Yulou, Funie). Godine 946. zemljom naroda Džurdži ili Jurchen ovladaju Khitani, osnovavši carstvo Liao, a gradovi su im se nalazil sve do Pekinga, što im granice na jug idu sa dinastijom Song i na zapad sa dinastijom Xixia, odnosno Tangutima. Džurdži su bili ratoborni a Khitani malobrojniji, pa ovi 1115. podignu ustanak i utemelje svoje carstvo. U ovome im pomogoše i Kinezi. Džurdži osnuju vlastitu dinastiju u Kaifengu a Kinezi Južni Song u gradu Lin’an, današnji Hangzhou.

Džurdži su se od Kineza razlikovali po svojem jeziku, posebnim običajima i svojoj nošnji. Bili su ratoborni i ponosni, ali i manjima među Kinezima. Na sjeveru su lutale mongolske horde koje će uskoro pod vodstvom Džingis-kana osvojiti Kaifeng i zemlju Džurdža. Ovo se zbilo 1234, napadom ujedinjenih snaga Mongola i dinastije Song, a 1279 osvoje cijelu Kinu. Južni dio zemlje doći će pod vlast Kine (dinastija Ming), nakon što Mongoli budu protjerani u 14. stoljeću. Srednji dio i sjever još je u njihovim rukama. Džurdži će ustat protiv Kineza pod vodstvom Nurhačija (1559-1626) koji se proglasio carem (1616) te zaratio sa Kinezima. Za prijestolnicu si je uzeo Mukden. Kinu će Mandžurci napasti 1644. i do 1680 njome potpuno ovladati.

Džurdžijska plemena službeno će postat Mandžurcima nakon 16. stoljeća.

Ostali nazivi za njih

Yojin (korejski); Jurchen (engleski); Jurchid (mongolski); Nuzhen (suvremeni kineski); Sushen, Jishen i Jushen (preci Džurdža; stari kineski nazivi) [1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ „Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the Rise of the Manchu State”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2008-05-28. Pristupljeno 2012-10-17. 

Vanjske veze

Galerija

  • Mandžurski vojnici.
    Mandžurski vojnici.

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