Chavín de Huántar

Chavín de Huántar
Svjetska baština – UNESCO
 Peru
Koordinate: 9°35′34″S, 77°10′42″W
Registriran:1985.(8. zasjedanje)
Vrsta:Kulturno dobro
Mjerilo:iii
Ugroženost:no
Referenca:UNESCO
Karta
Chavín de Huántar na mapi Perua
Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar
class=notpageimage|
Pozicija nalazišta

Chavín de Huántar (španjolski: Sitio arqueológico de Chavín de Huántar) je arheološko nalazište na zapadu Peruu, u Departmanu Áncash, koje je 1985. uvršteno na UNESCO-vu Listu svjetske baštine.[1]

Karakteristike

Skulptura sa nalazišta

Nalazište se prostire na površini od 14.79 hektara[1], na nadmorskoj visini od 3,177 metara, u kotlini Anda, nedaleko od grada Huaraza.

Po tom nalazištu je ime dobila i Kultura Chavín koja je ezistirala između 15. i 5. vijeka pne. u peruanskim Andama. Chavin je bio ceremonijalni i hodočasnički centar u Andama, koji je okupljao vjernike od Pacifika, do peruanskih tdžungli.[1]

Chavin je jedno od najranijih i najpoznatijih pretkolumbovskih nalazišta i predstavlja važan spomenik dekorativnih i građevinskih tehnika svog vremena. Ceremonijalna priroda mjesta vidi se u njegovoj arhitekturi, koju karakteriziraju građevine od lomljenog kamena i umjetne terase oko trgova, koje sadrže unutarnji sistem galerija sa zamršenom mrežom otvora i odvoda, jedinstvenih u Južnoj Americi. Zgrade i trgovi bili su ukrašeni raskošnom antropomorfnom i zoomorfnom simboličkom ikonografijom, isklesanom u plitkom reljefu na nadgrobnim spomenicima, stupovima, gredama i monolitnim skulpturama; Chavin Lanzón, Raimondi Stela, Tello Obelisk, Falconidae Portico i Circular Plaza.

Centralna građevina je masivni hramski kompleks (Castillo), izgrađen od pravokutnih kamenih blokova.[2]

Arheološko nalazište Chavin se štiti zakonom od 1929., poprilično je stradalo za poplave 1945., od tad se provode se radovi na zaštiti, čišćenju i preventivnom očuvanju.[1]

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 „Chavin (Archaeological Site)” (engleski). Unesco. Pristupljeno 28.08.2023. 
  2. ↑ „Chavín de Huántar archaeological site, Peru” (engleski). Encyclopaedia Britannica. Pristupljeno 28.08.2023. 

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