Auskultacija

Auskultacija
Intervencija
Direktna (neposredna) auskultacija. Rene-Teofil-Ijasent Laenek, (1781—1826) pronalazač auskultacije]]
MeSHD001314
MedlinePlus002226
Lekarski stetoskop (slušalice), je najupotrebljavaniji pribor za auskultaciju
Indirektna (posredna) auskultacija u pedijatriji

Auskultacija, osluškivanje, (lat. auscultatio), je jedna od objektivnih (fizikalnih) metoda utvrđivanja bolesti, kojom se osluškuju šumovi (zvuci) koji se stvaraju u organizmu. Pri radu pojedinih organa stvaraju se određeni zvučni fenomeni (šumovi i tonovi), kao što je to kod srca, disajnih organa, velikih krvnih sudova, organa za varenje... Ovi zvučni fenomeni se kroz tkiva, vazdušne i tečne prostore organizma, prenose na površinu tela, gde se mogu osluškivati, neposredno uvom ili uz pomoć određenih aparata (stetoskop-slušalice).

Istorijat

Ovu metodu kao, jedan od oblika objektivnog pregleda bolesnika prvi je pronašao i osmislio Rene-Teofil-Ijasent Laenek, francuski lekar, rođen u Kemperu 17. februara 1781.,[1] koji je primenom ove metode fizikalnog pregleda dao poseban napredak u razvoju propedevtike i brojnim saznanjima o simptomima i znacima pojedinih bolesti. Ovaj pronalazak Laenek objavljuje 1819. u knjizi, fr. Traite d Auscultation Mediate, u kojoj detaljno opisuje stetoskop i način njegove primene u utvrđivanju bolesti.[2]

Vrste auskultacije

Pod pojmom auskultacija najčešće se, u svakodnevnoj lekarskoj praksi, misli na osluškivanje upotrebom stetoskopa-slušalica. Auskultacija je i slušanje šapata, govora, kašlja, izbacivanja gasova, ali za ove vidove osluškivanja ne postoje posebani nazivi.

Neposredna (direktna) auskultacija

Kod neposredne auskultacije, ispitivač osluškuje pacijenta prislanjanjem uha direktno na površinu njegovog tela.

Posredna (indirektna) auskultacija

Osluškivanje, kod posredne auskultacije, ispitivač obavlja uz upotrebu određenog pribora i instrumenata (fonedoskopa, stetoskopa)

Značaj

Auskultacija ima izuzetan značaj u procesu utvrđivanja bolesti, i njenom primenom se mogu otkriti brojne promene u organizmu;

Povezano

Reference

  1. ↑ Roguin A. Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826): the man behind the stethoscope. Cardiol Prat.,vol. 4 230-235
  2. ↑ Dolara A. The decline of cardiac auscultation: the ball of the match point is poised on the net Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). vol.9

Literatura

  • Antić R. Interna propedevtika, Institut za stručno usavršavanje i specijalizaciju zdravstvenih radnika, Beograd, 1976.
  • Ristić S. M. Klinička propedevtika, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 1990.
  • Pešić M. H. LJ. Interna propedevtika, Prosveta, Niš 1991.
  • Popovac. D, Bolesti pluća i propedevtika, Privredni pregled, Beograd 1987.

Vanjske veze

Utvrđivanje bolesti
Istorija bolesti Generalije • Anamneza • Sadašnja bolest • Sadašnje stanje po sistemima • Ranije bolesti • Navike bolesnika • Porodična anmneza • Socijalno-epidemiološki podaci • Anamnezni zaključak •
Fizikalan pregled Inspekcija • Perkusija • Palpacija • Auskultacija •
Dopunska ispitivanja Invazivna dijagnostika • Minimalno invazivna dijagnostika • Neinvazivna dijagnostika •

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