Italian Socialist Party (2007)

For the historical party with the identical name, see Italian Socialist Party.
Italian Socialist Party
Partito Socialista Italiano
SecretaryEnzo Maraio
PresidentLuigi Incarnato
Founded5 October 2007
Merger ofItalian Democratic Socialists
New Italian Socialist Party (faction)[1]
The Italian Socialists (faction)
Other minor organisations
HeadquartersVia Santa Caterina da Siena 57, 00186 Rome[2]
NewspaperAvanti!
Mondoperaio
Youth wingFederation of Young Socialists
Membership (2016)20,600[3]
IdeologySocial democracy
Political positionCentre-left
National affiliationCoalition
Centre-left coalition
Electoral list
Left and Freedom (2009)
Democratic Party (2013–2014)
Together (2017–2018)
More Europe (2019)
Italia Viva (2019–2022)
PD–IDP (2022)
United States of Europe (2024)
European affiliationParty of European Socialists
European Parliament groupParty of European Socialists (2007–2009)
International affiliationSocialist International
Colors  Red
Chamber of Deputies
0 / 400
Senate
0 / 200
European Parliament
0 / 73
Regional
Councils
3 / 896
Website
partitosocialista.it

The Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI) is a social-democratic[4] political party in Italy. The party was founded in 2007–2008 by the merger of the following social-democratic parties and groups: Enrico Boselli's Italian Democratic Socialists (legal successor of the Italian Socialist Party), the faction of the New Italian Socialist Party led by Gianni De Michelis, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Democracy and Socialism of Gavino Angius, the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and some other minor organisations. Until October 2009, the party was known as Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista, PS).

From 2008 to 2019, Riccardo Nencini from Tuscany has been party leader. Elected senator with the Democratic Party in 2013 and re-elected in 2018, he was Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports from 2014 to 2019 (Renzi Cabinet and Gentiloni Cabinet). In March 2019, Nencini stepped down as secretary and was replaced by Enzo Maraio, from Campania. Since September 2019, the PSI sits within the parliamentary group of Italia Viva in the Senate.[5]

History

Foundation

A merger of all the parties hailing from the tradition of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) (disbanded in 1994 as a result of Tangentopoli scandals) and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) was initially proposed by Enrico Boselli during a congress of his Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) in April 2007. In that occasion, the party decided not to join the Democratic Party (PD) and called for a Socialist Constituent Assembly (Costituente Socialista) instead.

Some minor parties and associations, including The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, immediately welcomed Boselli's proposal, while in June 2007 the New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI) divided in two groups: the first, led by Stefano Caldoro and Lucio Barani, opted to join The People of Freedom and retained the NPSI identity; the second, led by Mauro Del Bue and Gianni De Michelis, agreed to join the Socialist Constituent Assembly.[6][7][8][9] Indeed, the two factions elected their secretary in two separate congresses: on 24 June Caldoro was elected secretary by the right-wing faction of the party,[10] while on 7–8 July Del Bue and De Michelis were elected respectively secretary and president by those members who wanted to take part to the foundation of the Socialist Party,[11] whose first meeting took place on 14 July.[12][13] In practice, for some time the NPSI had two secretaries.[14] Subsequently, on 24 October 2007, the two MEPs elected on the United Socialists for Europe list in the 2004 European Parliament election, De Michelis and Alessandro Battilocchio, joined the Socialist Group in the European Parliament.[15][16]

At its foundation in October 2007, the Socialist Party (PS) was joined also by Gavino Angius's Democracy and Socialism, a group of former Democrats of the Left most recently affiliated with the Democratic Left.

At the 2008 general election, the PS stood alone and Boselli was its candidate for Prime Minister.[17] In the event, the party gained less than 1% of the vote (well below thresholds) and failed to win any seats in the Italian Parliament.

Out of Parliament

At the first party congress, which took place in July 2008, Riccardo Nencini was elected secretary (replacing Boselli) while Pia Locatelli was elected president.[18] In September, Nencini proposed a new "reformist axis" comprising the Democratic Party (PD), the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC) and the Socialists while explaining that the Democrats needed to choose between the reformism of the PS and the populism of Italy of Values (IdV).[19] In October 2008, Angius led his group into the PD, proposing that the entire PS should follow him.[20][21][22][23] In reply, Nencini underlined that no former members of the late PSI were leaving the party. In fact, Spini, the only former Socialist in Angius' group, chose to stay in the PS.[24] However, De Michelis left the party soon after.[25]

For the 2009 European Parliament election, the PS formed a joint list named Left and Freedom (SL) with the Movement for the Left (MpS), the Federation of the Greens (FdV), the Democratic Left (SD) and Unite the Left (UlS).[26] SL received a mere 3.1% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs. Despite this, the national council of the PS chose to continue the experience of SL to build a "secular, libertarian and left-wing" force.[27] This led to the exit of Craxi, who launched the United Socialists in October.[28] However, one month later the PS left SL (later rebranded Left Ecology Freedom, SEL), having refused a full merger.[29] The PS was renamed Italian Socialist Party (PSI), chose to support joint candidates with the PD and to run its own lists in the forthcoming regional elections,[30] opening the way to Craxi's return.[31]

At the 2010 regional elections, the PSI elected a total of 15 regional councillors.[32] The party obtained its best results in Apulia (9.7% with SEL and four councillors out of the 11 elected by SEL), Basilicata (4.6% and one councillor), Umbria (4.2% and two councillors), Campania (3.5% with SEL and two councillors out of two) and Calabria (3.7%, just 0.3% short of the electoral threshold). At the second party congress in July, Nencini was re-elected secretary, but the party was divided between three political lines: the majority around Nencini supported a "reformist" alliance with the PD, UDC and SEL (excluding IdV and the Communist Refoundation Party), the right "autonomist" wing led by Craxi wanted the party to stand alone and the left "frontist" wing favoured stronger co-operation with SEL.[25]

In December 2010, Boselli, long-time SDI leader and PSI founder, who had left active politics after his 2008 defeat, joined the Alliance for Italy (ApI), led by Francesco Rutelli.[28]

Return to Parliament

In November 2011, Carlo Vizzini, a senator of The People of Freedom (PdL) and former leader of the PSDI, joined the party, giving it parliamentary representation after more than three years. While leaving the PdL, Vizzini stated: "It seems to me that the PdL is set to become the Italian section of the European People's Party. I come from another tradition: I have been secretary of the PSDI and I was one of the founders of the Party of European Socialists. When I joined Forza Italia there were Liberals, Socialists, Radicals. Now everything has changed".[28] Vizzini was soon elected president of the PSI.

The party did well in the 2012 local elections. In Carrara, the Socialist mayor Angelo Zubbani was re-elected by a landslide and the party obtained 14.4% of the vote.[33] The PSI also won 15.1% in Todi, 8.9% in Narni, 7.2% in Civitanova Marche, 9.5% in Frosinone, 11.8% in Paola and 9.4% in Trapani.[34]

In the 2013 general election, the PSI was part of the Italy. Common Good coalition headed by PD leader Pier Luigi Bersani,[35] whom the PSI had supported in the centre-left primary election. The party obtained 4 deputies and 2 senators, including Nencini, from the lists of the PD and right after supported Enrico Letta's government. During the third party congress in November 2013, Nencini was re-elected secretary, beating Franco Bartolomei of the "frontist" left and Angelo Sollazzo of the "autonomist" wing.[36] In 2015, Bartolomei, Alberto Benzoni and Felice Besostri set up the leftist Socialist Risorgimento and were excluded from the party.[37][38][39][40]

Renzi Cabinet and splits

Riccardo Nencini in 2018

When Letta was replaced by Matteo Renzi with strong support from the PSI in February 2014, Nencini was appointed Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports in Renzi Cabinet. In the summer of 2015, Marco Di Lello, party leader in the Chamber, went so far as proposing the merger of the PSI into the PD and announced that were the party not to follow his proposal, he would join the PD.[28][41][42] In November, Di Lello along with Lello Di Gioia, another deputy, left the PSI and formed along with a deputy of the PD the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) as a faction within the PD.[43][44] Contextually, Carmelo Lo Monte, elected in 2013 with the Democratic Centre, joined the PSI's sub-group and the party as a full member.[45]

During the fourth party congress in April 2016, Nencini was unopposed.[46][47][48] However, Socialist Area, a faction launched in November 2015 by Bobo Craxi, Roberto Biscardini, Gerardo Labellarte and Angelo Sollazzo,[49] who criticised the party's "acritical" support to Renzi Cabinet and Nencini's double role as party leader and deputy minister while proposing a more left-wing positionment for the party as opposed to PD–PSI's "centrism",[50][51] chose not to participate in the congress,[52] a decision that marked the split from the party.[53][54][55] Otherwise, the party was endorsed by Tommaso Nannicini, Renzi's undersecretary and economic advisor.[56]

The PSI did well in the 2016 local elections. In Città di Castello, the Socialist mayor Luciano Bacchetta was re-elected in the first round and the party obtained 21.5% of the vote.[57] The PSI also won 11.7% in Finale Emilia, 10.2% in Sulmona, 14.7% in Frattaminore, 8.2% in Salerno, 12.1% in Melfi and 10.1% in Cassano all'Ionio.[58]

Nencini was confirmed as Deputy Minister of Infrastructures and Transports in the government led by Paolo Gentiloni (PD) in December 2016.

In the 2017 local elections, the party obtained its best results in Nocera Inferiore (13.2%),[59] Palmi (12.0%),[60] Galatina (9.5%),[61] Narni (8.6%)[62] and Trapani (8.8%)[63] while losing ground in its historical stronghold of Carrara (6.5%),[64] where a Socialist was the incumbent term-limited mayor. In September 2017, Michela Marzano, originally elected with the PD, joined the PSI sub-group in the Chamber as an independent[65] while Lo Monte left in November.

2018 general and 2019 EP elections

In the run-up to the 2018 general election, the PSI, the Greens and Civic Area formed the Together electoral list.[66][67][68] The list obtained a mere 0.6% of the vote and no seats, but Nencini was re-elected to the Senate from the single-seat constituency of Arezzo and Fausto Longo was elected in an overseas constituency from the PD's list. Nencini joined the Mixed Group, while Longo joined a sub-group of the Mixed Group composed of minor centre-left parties, such as Popular Alternative.

In March 2019, during a party congress, Enzo Maraio was elected secretary to replace Nencini,[69] who was later elected president.[70]

In the run up to the 2019 European Parliament election the PSI formed an electoral pact with More Europe, a liberal party.[71]

In September 2019, the PSI was instrumental in the formation of the parliamentary group of Italia Viva, Renzi's new party, in the Senate.[5]

2022 general election and aftermath

In July 2022, the party announced it would join the Democratic and Progressive Italy list led by Enrico Letta, within the centre-left coalition, for the 2022 general election.

In March 2024, in the run-up of the 2024 European Parliament election, the party was a founding member of a broad, liberal and pro-Europeanist list named "United States of Europe", along with More Europe, Italia Viva, the Italian Radicals and the European Liberal Democrats, in order to overcome the 4% electoral threshold.[72][73] In late April the list was joined also by L'Italia c'è.[74]

Similarly to its precursors (SI, SDI and NPSI), the PSI has its strongholds in Southern and Central Italy.

In the 2008 general election, the first and latest general election the PSI fought with its own list, the party obtained 1.8% in Umbria, 2.0% in Calabria (2.8% for the Senate), 2.8% in Basilicata and 1.6% in Apulia. In the 2010 regional elections, the party confirmed its strength in its strongholds: 4.2% in Umbria, 3.7% in Calabria, 4.6% in Basilicata, 9.7% in Apulia (along with SEL) and 3.5% in Campania. In the 2013 regional election, the party increased its percentage of the vote to 7.5% in Basilicata.

In the 2015 regional elections, the party formed joint lists with the PD in several cases while obtaining 3.5% in Umbria with its own list.

Election results

Italian Parliament

Election Leader Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic
Votes % Seats +/− Votes % Seats +/−
2008
Enrico Boselli
 355,575 (10th) 0.98
0 / 630
–
 285,802 (9th) 0.86
0 / 315
–
2013
Riccardo Nencini
 into PD –
4 / 630
Increase 4
 57,688 (13th) 0.18
3 / 315
Increase 3
2018
Riccardo Nencini
 into Together –
1 / 630
Decrease 3
 into Together –
1 / 315
Decrease 2
2022
Enzo Maraio
 into PD-IDP –
0 / 400
Decrease 1
 into PD-IDP –
0 / 200
Decrease 1

European Parliament

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– EP Group
2009 Riccardo Nencini Into SeL
0 / 72
 New –
2014 Into PD
0 / 73
 Steady 0
2019 Enzo Maraio Into +E
0 / 76
 Steady 0
2024 Into USE
0 / 76
 Steady 0

Regional Councils

Election year Region Votes % Seats +/−
2024 Abruzzo into Reformists and Civics –
0 / 31
–
2020 Aosta Valley – –
0 / 35
–
2020 Apulia into Solidary and Green Apulia –
0 / 51
–
2024 Basilicata into AVS –
1 / 21
Increase 1
2021 Calabria 7,024 (19th) 0.92
0 / 30
–
2020 Campania 60,100 (13th) 2.55
1 / 51
–
2020 Emilia-Romagna with +E and PRI –
0 / 50
–
2023 Friuli-Venezia Giulia – –
0 / 48
–
2023 Lazio 7,974 (16th) 0.5
0 / 51
–
2020 Liguria with IV and +E –
0 / 31
–
2023 Lombardy – –
0 / 80
–
2020 Marche with IV and DemoS –
0 / 31
Decrease 2
2023 Molise into Democratic and Socialist Molise –
0 / 21
–
2019 Piedmont – –
0 / 50
–
2024 Sardinia 11,637 (17th) 1.7
1 / 60
Increase 1
2022 Sicily into PD
0 / 70
–
2023 South Tyrol into PD –
0 / 35
–
2023 Trentino
0 / 35
–
2020 Tuscany into Proud Tuscany for Giani –
0 / 41
–
2019 Umbria into Bianconi for Umbria
0 / 21
Decrease 1
2020 Veneto into Daniela Sbrollini for President –
0 / 51
–

Leadership

See also

References

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Altar Tiga Dewa di Samseonggung Samseonggung (bermakna: Istana Tiga Harta) adalah kuil Muis dan Taois yang terletak di Desa Cheonghakdong, kaki Gunung Jiri, Hadong, Korea Selatan.[1][2] Kuil ini dibangun sebagai altar tiga dewa Muisme: Hwanin, Hwanung, dan Dangun.[1] Sekitar kawasan Samseonggung dilindungi sebagai tempat suci sodo sehingga banyak ornamen-ornamen khas agama tradisional Korea yang dipasang di tempat itu, antara lain jangseung dan sotdae sebagai simbol pe...

 

Anderson Marsh State Historic Park

California state historic park Anderson Marsh State Historic ParkThe Ranch House at Anderson Marsh State Historic ParkShow map of CaliforniaShow map of the United StatesLocationLake County, California, United StatesNearest cityClearlake, CaliforniaCoordinates38°55′25″N 122°37′30″W / 38.92361°N 122.62500°W / 38.92361; -122.62500Area1,298 acres (5.25 km2)Established1982Governing bodyCalifornia Department of Parks and Recreation Anderson Marsh S...

 

Nicolò Barella

Nicolò Barella Barella bersama Italia pada 2021Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Nicolò BarellaTanggal lahir 7 Februari 1997 (umur 27)Tempat lahir Cagliari, ItaliaTinggi 172 cm (5 ft 8 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Inter MilanNomor 8Karier junior2006–2015 CagliariKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2015–2020 Cagliari 105 (7)2016 → Como (pinjaman) 16 (0)2019–2020 → Inter Milan (pinjaman) 27 (1)2020– Inter Milan 185 (20)Tim nasional‡2012...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Spinning Top (EP)

2019 EP by Got7Spinning Top: Between Security & InsecurityEP by Got7ReleasedMay 20, 2019GenreK-popLength20:44LanguageKoreanLabel JYP Dreamus Got7 chronology Present: You & Me(2018) Spinning Top: Between Security & Insecurity(2019) Love Loop(2019) Singles from Spinning Top EclipseReleased: May 20, 2019 Spinning Top is the ninth extended play by the South Korean boy band Got7. It was released by JYP Entertainment and Dreamus on May 20, 2019,. It peaked at No. 1 on the Gaon A...

 

Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort

Irish peer An Irish Property. Caricature by Spy published in Vanity Fair in 1877. Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort KP PC (I) (1 November 1822 – 22 July 1894) was an Irish peer, styled Lord Kenlis until 1829 and Earl of Bective from 1829 to 1870. He was High Sheriff of Meath in 1844, of Cavan in 1846, and of Westmorland in 1853. From 1852 to 1853, he was State Steward to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In 1854, Bective succeeded his father-in-law as Member of Parliament for Westm...

Gian Gastone de' Medici

Gian Gastone de' MediciFranz Ferdinand Richter, Ritratto di Gian Gastone de' Medici, granduca di Toscana, olio su tela, 1737. Firenze, Galleria Palatina.Granduca di ToscanaStemma In carica31 ottobre 1723 –9 luglio 1737 PredecessoreCosimo III SuccessoreFrancesco III (II) Stefano Nome completoGiovanni Battista Gastone de' Medici TrattamentoSua Altezza Reale Onorificenze Gran Maestro dell'Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire Altri titoliGran principe di Toscana NascitaFirenze, 25 ...

 

Dixieland jazz

Style of jazz music Dixieland redirects here. For the nickname of the Southern United States, see Dixie. For other uses, see Dixieland (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dixieland jazz – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this m...

 

Mad (majalah)

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Mad (disambiguasi). Untuk mad dalam tajwid, lihat Hukum mad. Mad adalah majalah humor dari Amerika Serikat yang didirikan oleh editor Harvey Kurtzman dan pertama kali diterbitkan oleh William Gaines pada tahun 1952. Majalah ini memparodikan segala aspek kehidupan Amerika Serikat. Artikel bertopik jurnalisme ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

Тензор напряжений

Полный тензор механического напряжения элементарного объёма тела. Те́нзор напряже́ний (иногда тензор напряжений Коши, тензор натяжений) — тензор второго ранга, описывающий механические напряжения в произвольной точке нагруженного тела, возникающих в этой точке при...

 

尼克賓法爾斯特

此條目或其章節极大或完全地依赖于某个单一的来源。 (2019年2月8日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：尼克賓法爾斯特 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引） 尼克賓法爾斯特Nykøbing Falster尼克賓法爾斯特 圖章徽章坐标：54°45′56″N 11°52′32″E / ...

 

أسرة برنادوت

  أسرة برنادوت أسرة برنادوتشعار النبالة الدولة السويد  المؤسس كارل الرابع عشر يوهان  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   آل برنادوت (Bernadotte) العائلة المالكة الحالية في مملكة السويد، وقد سادت منذ 1818.[1][2][3] كما كانت بين عامي 1818 و1905 العائلة المالكة في النرويج. في أعقاب ا�...

Écu

Type of French coin This article is about the type of French coin. For other uses, see ECU. The first écu, issued by Louis IX of France, in 1266. The term écu (French pronunciation: [eky]) may refer to one of several French coins.[1] The first écu was a gold coin (the écu d'or) minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. The value of the écu varied considerably over time, and silver coins (known as écu d'argent) were also introduced. Écu (from Latin scutum) ...

 

Ville-en-Tardenois

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une commune de la Marne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Le bandeau {{ébauche}} peut être enlevé et l’article évalué comme étant au stade « Bon début » quand il comporte assez de renseignements encyclopédiques concernant la commune. Si vous avez un doute, l’atelier de lecture du projet Communes de France est à votre disposition pour vous aider. Consultez également la page d’aide à...

 

The Miserly Knight

The Miserly KnightOpera by Sergei RachmaninoffThe composer and members of the premiere cast in 1906Native title‹See Tfd›Russian: Скупой рыцарь, Skupój rýtsarLanguageRussianBased onAlexander Pushkin's drama of the same namePremiere24 January 1906 (1906-01-24)Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow The Miserly Knight, Op. 24, also The Covetous Knight (‹See Tfd›Russian: Скупой рыцарь, Skupój rýtsar’), is a Russian opera in one act with music by Sergei Rachman...

مهدئ النيوترون

في الهندسة النووية, مهدئ النيوترون هو عبارة عن وسيط يقوم بتقليص سرعة النيوترونات السريعة, ويذبل يتم تحويلها إلى نيوترونات حرارية قادرة على الحفاظ على التفاعل النووي المتسلسل لليورانيوم-235. هناك العديد من المواد الشائعة تُستعمل كمهدئات ومن ضمنها الماء (الخفيف) العادي (تُست�...

 

Do Tank

Un Do Tank (expression faisant référence à celle de Think Tank) est un type de structure associative et collaborative qui émerge dans les années 2010, par opposition aux think tanks (laboratoire d'idées[1], ou groupe de réflexion [2]). Schéma montrant les notions de Think tank et de Do tank, avec entre les deux le Think and do tanks. Il s'agit d'un cercle de personnes plus ou moins experts dans le domaine, qui décident de travailler ensemble, avec une finalité non pas uniquement ori...