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Лаосско-русская практическая транскрипция

Для передачи лаосских имён и названий на русский язык используются правила практической транскрипции. В разделе, посвященном гласным, приводятся и фонетические знаки, употребляющиеся в Лаосско-русском словаре (ɔ, ə).

Ниже приведены рекомендации, базирующиеся на изданиях «Лаосский язык» (Л. Н. Морев, А. А. Москалёв, Ю. Я. Плам) и "Словарь географических названий Лаоса" (составитель К.Т. Бойко).

Следует иметь в виду, что они не распространяются на исторически сложившиеся (традиционные) соответствия для имён исторических деятелей, персонажей религиозных книг, мифологии, литературы и других произведений, а также географических названий, которые уже зафиксированы, пусть даже и с нарушением регулярных правил, в авторитетных энциклопедиях, словарях, атласах и других источниках.

Лаосская орфография остаётся неустойчивой и не точно соответствует фонологии языка. Одно и то же слово может записываться по-разному: слово «взгляд» (тхатсана) может записываться фонетически как лаос. ທັດສະນະ и, в старой орфографии, как лаос. ທັສນະ.

Согласные

Согласная буква МФА В начале слога В конце слога Согласная буква МФА В начале слога В конце слога
[k] к к [p] п п
[kʰ] кх [] пх
[kʰ] кх [f] ф
[ŋ] нг нг [] п
[] ть [f] ф
[s] с [m] м м
[s] с [j] й
[ɲ] нь й [l] л
[d] д т [l] л
[t] т [w] в у
[] тх [h] х
[] тх [ʔ]
[n] н [h] х
[b] б п

Гласные

Краткие гласные Долгие гласные
Буквы МФА US BGN[англ.]/PCGN[англ.] LC RTSG[англ.] Транскрипция Буквы МФА US BGN/PCGN LC RTSG Транскрипция
-ະ, -ັ [a] a а -າ [] a ā a аа
-ິ [i] i и -ີ [] i ī i ии
-ຶ [ɯ] u ư ue ы -ື [ɯː] u ư̄ ue ыы
-ຸ [u] ou u u у -ູ [] ou ū u уу
ເ-ະ, ເ-ັ [e] é e e е ເ- [] é ē e ее
ແ-ະ, ແ-ັ [ɛ] è æ ae э ແ- [ɛː] è ǣ ae ээ
ໂ-ະ, -ົ [o] ô o o о ໂ- [] ô ō o оо
ເ-າະ, -ັອ- [ɔ] o ǫ o ɔ / о -ໍ, -ອ- [ɔː] o ǭ o ɔɔ / оо
ເ-ິ [ɤ] eu œ oe ə / э ເ-ີ [ɤː] eu œ̄ oe əə / ээ
ເ-ັຍ, -ັຽ- [] ia иа ເ-ຍ, -ຽ- [iːə] ia īa ia ииа
ເ-ຶອ [ɯə] ua ưa uea ыа ເ-ືອ [ɯːə] ua ư̄a uea ыыа
-ົວະ, -ັວ- [] oua ua ua уа -ົວ, -ວ- [uːə] oua ūa ua ууа
ໄ-, ໃ-, -ັຍ [ai] ai ай -າຍ [aːi] ay āi ai аай
ເ-ົາ [ao] ao ау -າວ [aːо] ао āu аu аау
-ຳ [am] am ам

Литература

  • Лев Николаевич Морев, Алексей Алексеевич Москалев, Юрий Яковлевич Плам. Лаосский язык / Вадим Михайлович Солнцев. — Москва: Наука, 1972. — (Языки народов Азии и Африки). — 1100 экз.
  • Морев Л.Н., Васильева В.Х., Плам Ю.Я. Лаосско-русский словарь: Около 25 000 слов. Под ред. Пхайротха Вонгвиратха. — М.: Русский язык, 1982 — 952 с.
  • Бойко К.Т. (составитель ). Словарь географических названий Лаоса. ЦНИИГАиК. Москва, 1988. Главное управление геодезии и картографии при Совете Министров СССР.

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