Газовая лампа

Газовый фонарь во Вроцлаве (Польша)

Газовая лампа — осветительный прибор, в котором источником света служит сжигание газообразного топлива, например водород, метан, оксид углерода, пропан, бутан, ацетилен, этилен, природный газ или светильный газ.

Первые упоминания об использовании газа в освещении датируются началом нашей эры (~1700 лет назад) в Китае[1]. Сведения об использовании газовых фонарей для уличного и домашнего освещения в Европе появляются с XV века. Первый патент на систему газового света относится к 1799 году. Начало XIX века — массовое распространение систем газового света в Европе. Основной источник газа в то время — газификация угля.

В 1820-х было начато использование калильного света совместно с газовыми лампами. Однако первые составы для калильного света требовали высокотемпературных водородных горелок, что ограничивало их распространение. Разработка низкотемпературных калильных составов датируется самым концом XIX века (ок. 1885 года). Впоследствии калильные сетки широко использовались в газовых лампах.

С конца XIX века газовый свет активно вытесняется электрическим освещением. В настоящее время газовые лампы, работающие на пропан-бутановой смеси, используются преимущественно туристами — во всех других областях они вытеснены электрическими источниками освещения.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ P. James and N. Thorpe, Ancient inventions (Michael O Mara Books, 1995), pp. 427 Архивная копия от 16 ноября 2020 на Wayback Machine-428: цитата из Chang Qu Records of the country south of Mount Kua

Read other articles:

The Contrast (novel)

1832 novel The Contrast AuthorLord NormanbyCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreSilver ForkPublisherHenry ColburnPublication date1832Media typePrint The Contrast is an 1832 novel by the British writer and politician Lord Normanby, originally published in three volumes.[1] [2] It was his third novel following Matilda (1825) and Yes and No (1828), all three of which were part of the developing silver fork genre focused on the fashionable aristocracy and upper classes of...

 

Bengt R. Holmström

Bengt R. HolmströmBengt Holmström (2013)LahirBengt Robert Holmström18 April 1949 (umur 74)Helsinki, FinlandKebangsaanFinnishWarga negaraUnited StatesInstitusi Northwestern University Yale University MIT PembimbingdoktoralRobert B. WilsonMahasiswadoktoralJonathan Levin[1]Marko TerviöPenghargaan Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2016) Bengt R. Holmström (lahir 18 April 1949) adalah seorang pakar ekonomi dan profesor di Massachusetts Institute of Technology warga nega...

 

لوزة حنكية

لوزة حنكية رسمٌ بياني لِمُكوِّنات تجويف الفم. تفاصيل نوع من لوزة[1]،  وكيان تشريحي معين  [لغات أخرى]‏  معرفات ترمينولوجيا أناتوميكا 05.2.01.011   FMA 9610  UBERON ID 0002373  ن.ف.م.ط. A04.623.603.925،  وA10.549.580،  وA14.724.603.925،  وA15.382.520.604.580  ن.ف.م.ط. D014066  [عدل في ويكي ب�...

Mahavakya Upanishad

Sanskrit text, linked to Atharva Veda Mahavakya UpanishadThe soul is like radiant sun, states the text.[1][2]Devanagariमहावाक्यIASTMahāvākyaTitle meansGreat proposition, sacred utterances[3][4]TypeYoga[5]Linked VedaAtharvaveda[5]Chapters1Verses12PhilosophyYoga, Vedanta[6] The Mahavakya Upanishad (Sanskrit: महावाक्य उपनिषत्, IAST: Mahāvākya Upaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text and one of the min...

 

Soviet–Japanese border conflicts

Armed conflict in the 1930s between the Soviets, Mongolians, and Japanese See also: Russo-Japanese War, Soviet-Japanese War (1939), and Soviet-Japanese War of 1945 Soviet–Japanese border conflictsPart of the interwar period (until 1939) and World War IIJapanese light tanks during the Battles of Khalkhin GolDate1 March 1932 – 16 September 1939(7 years, 6 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)LocationNortheast Asia (Mongolia, Primorsky Krai, Manchuria)47°43′49″N 118°35′24″...

 

Vilayet di Basra

Vilayet di BasraVilayet di Basra - LocalizzazioneIl vilayet di Basra nell'anno 1900 Dati amministrativiNome completoVilâyet-i Basra Nome ufficialeولايت بصره Lingue ufficialiturco ottomano Lingue parlateturco ottomano, arabo CapitaleBasra Dipendente daImpero ottomano PoliticaForma di StatoVilayet Forma di governoVilayet elettivo dell'Impero ottomano Capo di StatoSultani ottomani Nascita1875 Fine1918 CausaArmistizio di Mudros Territorio e popolazioneBacino geograficoIraq Massima esten...

Stadio Velodromo Libertas

Stadio Velodromo LibertasStadio di Via Bellini Informazioni generaliStato Italia UbicazioneVia Vincenzo BelliniFirenze Inizio lavori1920 Inaugurazione1922 Chiusura1931 DemolizioneAnni cinquanta CostoCirca 500 000 lire ProprietarioP.G.F. Libertas (1922-1926) ACF Fiorentina (1926-anni '50) ProgettoArch. Baldacci Informazioni tecnichePosti a sedere10 000 StrutturaIn cemento armato CoperturaPer la tribuna autorità Pista d’atleticaIn pirite Mat. del terrenoErba Dim. del terreno105×68 m Us...

 

List of Asian Games medalists in board games

Main article: Board games at the Asian Games This is the complete list of Asian Games medalists in board games of chess, go, xiangqi and contract bridge from 2006 to 2022. Bridge Men's pair Games Gold Silver Bronze 2018 Jakarta–Palembang  India (IND)Pranab BardhanShibhnath Sarkar  China (CHN)Yang LixinChen Gang  Hong Kong (HKG)Mak Kwok FaiLai Wai Kit  Indonesia (INA)Henky LasutFreddy Eddy Manoppo Men's team Games Gold Silver Bronze 2018 Jakarta–Pal...

 

Riso Kagaku Corporation

Riso Kagaku CorporationNative name理想科学工業株式会社Company typePublic KKTraded asTYO: 6413ISINJP3974400008IndustryElectronicsFounded(September 2, 1946; 77 years ago (1946-09-02))FounderNoboru HayamaHeadquartersShiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8385, JapanArea servedWorldwideKey peopleAkira Hayama(President and CEO)ProductsPrintersDigital duplicatorsDigital screen makersRevenueJPY 85.4 billion (FY 2015) (US$ 762.5 million) (FY 2015)Net incomeJPY 5.2 billion (FY 2015) ...

All You Need Is Love (JAMs song)

Song by the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu All You Need Is LoveSingle by The JAMsfrom the album 1987 Released9 March 1987 (original white-label version)18 May 1987 (106bpm version)GenreElectronic, alternative hip hopLength5:02 (original white-label version)4:56 (106bpm version)LabelThe Sound of Mu(sic)(KLF Communications)Songwriter(s)Jimmy CautyBill DrummondProducer(s)Rockman Rock (Cauty)King Boy Hard Drummond(The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu)Drummond & Cauty singles chronology All You Ne...

 

المدرسة الرشادية

المدرسة الرشاديةLocationنابلس، محافظة نابلس فلسطينمعلوماتالتوجه الدينيةالإسلامالتأسيس1911Categoryعمارة عثمانية المدرسة الرشادية الغربية أو المدرسة الفاطمية أسست سنة 1911م في مدينة نابلس الفلسطينية في عهد الدولة العثمانية، حيث يوجد حجر منحوت فوق البوابة الرئيسية للمدرسة عليه...

 

December 1916

Month in 1916 1916 January February March April May June July August September October November December << December 1916 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31   David Lloyd George, new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Verdun Memorial on the battlefield near Fleury-devant-Douaumont Grigori Rasputin, murdered The following events occurred in December 1916: December 1, 1916 (Friday) Battle of the...

アジア四小龍

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: アジア四小龍 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2018年6月） アジア四小龍。 韓国 台湾 シンガポール 香�...

 

Martinus dari Tours

SantoMartinus dari ToursPatung Santo Martinus membagi dua mantelnya. Höchster Schloss, Höchst.Uskup dan Pengaku ImanLahirTahun 316 atau 336Savaria di Keuskupan PannoniaMeninggalTanggal 8 November 397 (pada usia 60–81 tahun)Candes, GaliaDihormati diGereja KatolikGereja Ortodoks TimurGereja Ortodoks Orientalgereja Anglikangereja LutheranKanonisasiPrakongregasiPestaTanggal 11 November (Gereja Katolik, gereja Lutheran, gereja-gereja Anglikan)Tanggal 12 October (Gereja Ortodoks Timur)AtributPr...

 

Tổng cục Thuế (Việt Nam)

Tổng cục ThuếTên viết tắtGDTThành lập10 tháng 9 năm 1945LoạiCơ quan nhà nướcVị thế pháp lýHợp pháp, hoạt độngMục đíchThu và quản lý thuếTrụ sở chínhSố 123 Lò Đúc, phường Đống Mác, quận Hai Bà TrưngVị tríHà Nội  Việt NamNgôn ngữ chính Tiếng ViệtTổng cục trưởngMai Xuân ThànhChủ quảnBộ Tài chínhTrang webhttp://www.gdt.gov.vn Tổng cục Thuế (tiếng Anh: General Department of Taxation, v...

Virgilio Tommasi

Italian long jumper Virgilio TommasiPersonal informationNationalityItalianBorn(1905-05-10)10 May 1905VeronaDied21 February 1998(1998-02-21) (aged 92)RomeSportCountry ItalySportAthleticsEventLong jump Medal record Summer Student World Championships 1927 Rome Long jump Virgilio Tommasi (10 May 1905 - 20 February 1998) was an Italian long jumper who competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics.[1] He was the brother of Olympic high jumper athlete, Angelo Tommasi.[2] National titles ...

 

Kementerian Ekonomi dan Keuangan

Kementerian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Republik Korea기획재정부企劃財政部Gihoek Jaejeong-buInformasi lembagaDibentuk29 Februari 2008Nomenklatur sebelumnyaKementerian Keuangan (1948–1994)Kementerian Perencanaan dan AnggaranKementerian Perencanaan dan Anggaran (1999–2008)Kementerian Strategi dan Keuangan (2008–2018)Wilayah hukum Republik KoreaKantor pusatKompleks Pemerintah Sejong, 477, Galmae-ro, Kota Sejong 30109, Korea SelatanMenteriKim Dong-yeon, Deputi Perdana Menteri dan Me...

 

Bathyscaphe

Bathyscaphe Trieste Bathyscaphes adalah sebuah mesin yang dibuat untuk eksplorasi laut dalam. Mesin mulai bekerja pada tahun 1948 hingga 1982, ia pernah mencapai lautan yang sangat dalam (10,916 meter di Palung Mariana pada 23 Januari, 1960). Saat ini, untuk penelitian laut dalam, hanya mempergunakan mesin berpengendali jarak jauh.[1] Mesin ini untuk pertama kalinya ditemukan oleh Profesor Auguste Piccard, sebuah bathyscaphe berisikan sebuah kabin bertekanan tinggi dari baja, yang bis...

Altiero Spinelli

Italian politician (1907–1986) Altiero SpinelliSpinelli in 1969Commissioner for Industry and EntrepreneurshipIn office1 July 1970 – 4 July 1976PresidentFranco Maria MalfattiSicco MansholtPreceded byGuido Colonna di PalianoSucceeded byÉtienne DavignonMember of the European Parliamentfor Central ItalyIn office10 June 1979 – 23 May 1986Member of the Chamber of DeputiesIn office5 July 1976 – 11 July 1983ConstituencyRome Personal detailsBorn(1907-08-31)31 A...

 

Comté de Hendricks

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’Indiana. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Comté de Hendricks(Hendricks County) Le palais de justice de Danville, siège du comté. Administration Pays États-Unis État Indiana Chef-lieu Danville Fondation 1824 Démographie Population 174 798 hab. (2020) Densité 165 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 39° 46′ nord, 86° 3...