Топсель

Топсель судна Pride of Baltimore (выделен красным).

То́псель (нидерл. topzeil[1], англ. topsail[2] с нидерл. — «верхний парус») — косой треугольный или трапециевидный дополнительный парус, поднимаемый в слабый ветер над гафельным или рейковым парусом между стеньгой и гафелем. На больших парусных судах с сухой (не имеющей рей) бизань-мачтой ставится над бизанью, на малых судах с косым вооружением — над фоком и гротом.

Топсель ставится с подветренной стороны гафельного паруса топсель-фалом, проведённым через топ стеньги на палубу. Шкот топселя проводится через блок на ноке гафеля, потом через промежуточный блок в районе его пятки, и дальше на палубу. Кроме указанных снастей, топсель удерживается у эзельгофта верхним галсом, проведённым через обушок на топе мачты, и оттягивается вниз нижним галсом, закреплённым на утках мачты. На длинных галсах в лавировку топсель убирают перед поворотом и поднимают снова с подветра. На лавировке короткими галсами топсель часто оставляют там, где он стоит, и мирятся с некоторой потерей тяги из-за ухудшения аэродинамики.

Примечания

  1. ↑ то́псель
  2. ↑ то́псель // Этимологический словарь русского языка = Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch : в 4 т. / авт.-сост. М. Фасмер ; пер. с нем. и доп. чл.‑кор. АН СССР О. Н. Трубачёва, под ред. и с предисл. проф. Б. А. Ларина [т. I]. — Изд. 2-е, стер. — М. : Прогресс, 1986—1987. — Т. IV. — С. 80.

Литература

  • Паруса // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
  • Морской Словарь, М, Военное издательство МО СССР, 1959.
  • Морской Энциклопедический Словарь, Л-д, «Судостроение», 1991, ISBN 5-7355-0280-8

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