Мэтисофф, Джеймс

Джеймс Мэтисофф
Дата рождения 14 июля 1937(1937-07-14)[1] (87 лет)
Место рождения
Страна
Род деятельности лингвист, филолог, синолог, преподаватель университета, переводчик, редактор
Научная сфера филология[3], синология[3], китайский[3], сино-тибетские языки[3], тибето-бирманские языки[3], translations from Tibetan[вд][3], translations from Chinese[вд][3] и перевод на английский[вд][3]
Место работы
Альма-матер
Награды и премии

Джеймс Алан Мэтисофф (англ. James Alan Matisoff, род. 14 июля 1937, Бостон) — американский лингвист, заслуженный профессор в отставке. Один из ведущих мировых специалистов по сино-тибетским и другим языкам Юго-Восточной Азии; также автор исследований по сравнительно-исторической проблематике, теории грамматикализации и диахронической семантике, ареальной лингвистике, языку идиш и др.

Окончил Гарвардский университет (1959), где изучал французскую литературу; первоначально специализировался как романист. Впоследствии обратился к изучению японского языка и продолжил лингвистическое образование в Гарварде и в Беркли. Докторская диссертация (1967) представляет собой подробное грамматическое описание языка лаху (лоло-бирманская подгруппа тибето-бирманской группы), основанное на данных полевых исследований автора; эта работа считается одной из лучших дескриптивных грамматик языков Юго-Восточной Азии. Преподавал в Колумбийском университете (1966—1969) и в Калифорнийском университете в Беркли (1970—2001, вплоть до отставки).

Является основателем и руководителем многолетнего проекта по созданию этимологического словаря-тезауруса сино-тибетских языков (STEDT). Был также главным редактором журнала «Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area».

Мэтисоффу принадлежит оригинальный термин «чеширизация», описывающий достаточно распространённый в истории языков тип фонетических изменений, вызываемых единицей, которая сама в ходе этих изменений исчезает (эффект, который можно сравнить с улыбкой Чеширского Кота). К этому типу принадлежат многие случаи славянской или румынской палатализации, мутации в кельтских языках, умлаут в германских языках и др.; таких изменений немало и в истории сино-тибетских языков.

Будучи профессиональным компаративистом, Мэтисофф неоднократно выступал с резкой критикой теорий «глубокой реконструкции» (америндской, ностратической и др.), для характеристики которых он ввёл в употребление пейоративный термин «мегалокомпаративистика».

Основные работы

  • The Loloish tonal split revisited, 1972.
  • The grammar of Lahu, 1973; 2 ed. 1982.
  • Variational semantics in Tibeto-Burman: The 'organic' approach to linguistic comparison, 1978.
  • Blessings, curses, hopes, and fears: Psycho-ostensive expressions in Yiddish, 1979; 2 ed. 2000.
  • The dictionary of Lahu, 1988.
  • On megalocomparison // Language 1990, 66.1, 106-20.
  • Areal and universal dimensions of grammatization in Lahu // Elizabeth C. Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to Grammaticalization, 1991, Vol. II, 383—453.
  • Sino-Tibetan Numeral Systems: prefixes, protoforms and problems, 1997.
  • Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: system and philosophy of Sino-Tibetan reconstruction, 2003.

Примечания

  1. ↑ James Alan Matisoff // AlKindi (онлайн-каталог Доминиканского института востоковедения)
  2. ↑ выгрузка данных Freebase — Google.
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Matisoff, James A. // Чешская национальная авторитетная база данных

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