Батарейная палуба

Батарейная палуба корабля Ваза
Батарейные палубы на схемах бронирования (красный цвет) броненосного крейсера

Батаре́йная па́луба[1][2][3] — одна из палуб многопалубного корабля, находящаяся под верхней палубой и служащая для размещения орудий среднего калибра и жилых отсеков[4].

История

Появление батарейных палуб стало результатом того, что в 1500 году французский корабел де Шарж (фр. François Descharges) изобрел запирающийся пушечный порт[англ.], что позволило размещать орудия на закрытых палубах для стрельбы через порты (амбразуры).

В 1637 году английский кораблестроитель Финеас Петт[англ.] построил первый в истории корабль с тремя батарейными палубами: верхней (опердек) для мелкой артиллерии, средней (мидельдек) для артиллерии среднего калибра и нижней (гондек) для тяжёлых орудий.

На первых броненосных кораблях (батарейные броненосцы) батарейную палубу использовали для размещения орудий главного калибра (ГК). Когда орудия ГК переместили в барбеты и вращающиеся башни, в батарейной палубе начали устанавливать вспомогательную (противоминную) артиллерию.

В непогоду батарейная палуба использовалась для богослужений и прочих церемоний[англ.].

Классификация кораблей по количеству батарейных палуб

Количество и вид батарейных палуб определяли класс парусного корабля:

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Батарейная палуба // Военная энциклопедия : [в 18 т.] / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого … [и др.]. — СПб. ; [М.] : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911—1915.
  2. ↑ Батарейная палуба // Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. — 2-е изд., вновь перераб. и значит. доп. — Т. 1—2. — СПб., 1907—1909.
  3. ↑ Корабль // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
  4. ↑ Палубы // Военная энциклопедия : [в 18 т.] / под ред. В. Ф. Новицкого … [и др.]. — СПб. ; [М.] : Тип. т-ва И. Д. Сытина, 1911—1915.

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