Consoană alveolară

În fonetică, se numesc consoane alveolare acele consoane pronunțate cu partea anterioară a limbii în zona alveolelor incisivilor superiori; ele reprezintă una din categoriile de sunete clasificate după locul de articulare.

În funcție de definiția dată noțiunii de loc de articulare o serie de consoane se pot include fie în această clasă, fie în clasa consoanelor dentale. Astfel cele mai multe lucrări de fonetică a limbilor romanice afirmă că seria de consoane [t], [d], [ʦ][1], [ʣ][1], [s], [z], [r], [l], [n] sînt consoane dentale sau alveolo-dentale. Fonetica modernă tinde să prefere clasificarea lor drept consoane alveolare.

În limba română standard există șapte consoane din această categorie:


  Consoane     Vezi și AFI, vocale. Modificare   
Mod de
articulare 		Loc de articulare
Bi-
labiale 		Labio-
dentale 		Dentale Alveo-
lare 		Post-
alveo-
lare 		Alveolo-
palatale 		Retro-
flexe 		Palatale Velare Uvulare Farin-
gale 		Epi-
glotale 		Glotale
Flux pulmonar
Oclusive p b t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ - ʔ -
Africate p͡ɸ b͡β t̪͡θ d̪͡ð t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k͡x ɡ͡ɣ q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ ʡ͡ʜ - ʔ͡h -
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ
Sonante ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ - -
Vibrante ʙ r̪ r - - ʀ - -
Bătute ⱱ ɾ ɽ - - - -
Africate laterale - - - - t͡ɬ d͡ɮ - - - - - -
Fricative laterale - - - - ɬ ɮ - - - - - -
Sonante laterale - - - - l̪ l ɭ ʎ ʟ - - - - - -
Bătute laterale - - - - ɺ - - - - - -
Nazale m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ - - - - - -
Flux glotal (explozive și implozive)
Oclusive explozive pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ - -
Fricative explozive ɸʼ fʼ sʼ ʃʼ ɕʼ ʂʼ çʼ xʼ χʼ - -
Implozive ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ - -
Flux velar (clicuri)
Clicuri centrale ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ - - - - - - - - - -
Clicuri laterale - - - - - ǁ - - - - - - - - - -
Articulații multiple
Fricativă postalveolovelară: ɧ   Sonantă labiovelară: w   Fricativă labiovelară: ʍ   Sonantă labiopalatală: ɥ
Legendă:
■ Celulele gri corespund unor articulări considerate imposibile.
■ Celulele galbene corespund consoanelor din limba română.
■ Celulele crem indică alofone ale unor consoane din limba română.
În perechile de consoane, cea din stânga este surdă, iar cea din dreapta este sonoră.


Referințe

  1. ^ a b c d Nu Există

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