Óxido de mercúrio(II)

Óxido de mercúrio(II)
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Nome IUPAC Mercury(II) oxide
Outros nomes Óxido mercúrico
Montroidita
Identificadores
Número CAS 21908-53-2
Propriedades
Fórmula molecular HgO
Massa molar 216.5894 g/mol
Aparência Sólido amarelo ou vermelho
Densidade 11,1 g·cm–3 (20 °C)[1]
Ponto de fusão

>400 °C (decompõe-se)[1]

Solubilidade em água praticamente insolúvel (0,052 g·l-1 a 25 °C)[1]
Pressão de vapor 0,12 Pa (20 °C)[1]
Riscos associados
Classificação UE Tóxico (T)
Frases R R26/27/28, R33, R35
Frases S S1/2, S45, S13, S28, S60, S61
Ponto de fulgor Não inflamável.
LD50 18 mg·kg-1 (Rato, peroral)[1]
Compostos relacionados
Outros aniões/ânions Sulfeto de mercúrio(II)
Óxidos relacionados Óxido de zinco
Óxido de cádmio
Óxido de ouro(III)
Óxido de tálio
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão
Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

Óxido de mercúrio(II), também chamado óxido mercúrico, tem fórmula HgO e uma massa molecular de 216.6. Possui coloração vermelha ou amarelo-alaranjado, apresentando-se como um sólido a temperatura e pressão ambiente. Sua forma mineral montroidita é encontrada muito raramente.

Historia

Em 1774, Joseph Priestley descobriu que oxigênio era liberado pelo aquecimento de óxido mercúrico, embora ele não tenha identificado o gás como oxigênio (posteriormente, Priestley chamou-o "ar deflogisticado", que era o paradigma em que se estava trabalhando naquela época.)[2]

Síntese

Estruitura da montroidita (átomos vermelhos são de oxigênio)
Estrutura do cinábrio.

A forma vermelha do HgO pode ser produzida pelo aquecimento de Hg em oxigênio a aproximadamente 350 °C, ou por pirólise de Hg(NO3)2.[3] A forma amarela pode ser obtida pela precipitação de Hg2+ aquoso com álcali.[3] A diferença na coloração é devida ao tamanho das partículas, ambas as formas tendo a mesma estrutura de unidade próximo ao linear de O-Hg-O unidas em cadeias em zig-zag com um ângulo O-Hg-O de 108°.[3]

Estrutura

Sob pressão atmosférica o óxido mercúrico tem duas formas cristalinas: uma é chamada montroidita (ortorômbica, 2/m 2/m 2/m, Pnma), e a segunda é análoda ao sulfeto metálico cinábrio (hexagonal, hP6, P3221); ambos são caracterizados pelas cadeias Hg-O.[4] A pressões acima de 10 GPa ambas estruturas convertem-se em uma forma tetragonal.[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e Catálogo da Merck Óxido de mercúrio(II) acessado em
  2. ↑ Almqvist, Ebbe (2003). History of Industrial Gases. [S.l.]: Springer. p. 23. ISBN 0-306-47277-5 
  3. ↑ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419.
  4. ↑ Aurivillius, Karin; Carlsson, Inga-Britt; Pedersen, Christian; Hartiala, K.; Veige, S.; Diczfalusy, E. (1958). «The Structure of Hexagonal Mercury(II)oxide.». Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 12: 1297–1304. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.12-1297. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2010 
  5. ↑ «Mercury oxide (HgO) crystal structure, physical properties». Landolt-Börnstein – Group III Condensed Matter. 41B. [S.l.]: Springer-Verlag. 1999. pp. 1–7. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. doi:10.1007/b71137  Em falta ou vazio |título= (ajuda)
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