Poor Laws

Embora muitas workhouses (espécie de hospícios) se desenvolvessem com a Nova Lei dos Pobres, alguns já tinham sido construídas sob o sistema existente.[1] Esta workhouse em Nantwich, Cheshire, data de 1780.

As Poor Laws[2] foram um sistema de ajuda social aos pobres em Inglaterra e Gales[3] que se desenvolveu a partir da Idade Média tardia e das leis Tudor, antes de ser codificado em 1587-1598. O sistema das Poor Laws subsistiu até ao surgimento do Estado de bem-estar moderno depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial.[1]

A legislação inglesa sobre as Poor Laws pode ser datada tão cedo como 1536,[4] quando se aprovaram leis para tratar dos "pobres impotentes", embora existisse anterior legislação dos Tudor sobre os problemas causados pelos vagabundos e mendigos.[2] A história das Poor Laws em Inglaterra e Gales divide-se habitualmente em dois estatutos: a Antiga Poor Law, aprovada durante o reinado de Isabel I[5] e a Nova Poor Law aprovada em 1834, a qual modificou significativamente o sistema existente de diminuição da pobreza.[6] O último estatuto alterou o sistema de Poor Law, de um que era administrado de forma local a nível das paróquias para um sistema altamente centralizado que favorecia o desenvolvimento em grande escala de workhouses por parte dos Sindicatos da Poor Law.[7]

O sistema de Poor Law não foi formalmente abolido senão com a Lei de Assistência Nacional de 1948,[8] embora parte do sistema se mantivesse em tal lei até 1967.[7] O sistema da Poor Law caiu em desuso em inícios do século XX, devido a vários fatores, como a introdução de reformas de beneficência liberal[9] e a disponibilidade de outras fontes de assistência de sociedades filantrópicas e sindicatos,[9] bem como as reformas paulatinas que evitaram o sistema da Poor Law.[10]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b RGU. «British social policy 1601–1948». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009. Arquivado do original em 24 de julho de 2007 
  2. ↑ a b Eh.net (7 de maio de 2002). «Encyclopedia: English Poor Laws». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009. Arquivado do original em 5 de janeiro de 2010 
  3. ↑ Victorianweb.org (8 de novembro de 2002). «The Poor Law: overview». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009 
  4. ↑ GR Elton, An Early Tudor Poor Law, Economic History Review, 1953
  5. ↑ Institutions.org.uk (6 de agosto de 2007). «The Poor Law». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009. Arquivado do original em 4 de maio de 2009 
  6. ↑ Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. «1834 Poor Law». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009. Arquivado do original em 9 de setembro de 2012 
  7. ↑ a b Peter Higginbotham; www.workhouses.org.uk. «The Workhouse Web Site». Consultado em 17 de maio de 2009 
  8. ↑ Freespace.virgin.net. «The New Poor Law – 1834 – Britain». Consultado em 22 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do original em 11 de junho de 2009 
  9. ↑ a b Eh.net (7 de maio de 2002). «Encyclopedia: English Poor Laws». Consultado em 22 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do original em 5 de janeiro de 2010 
  10. ↑ Lees, Lynn Hollen (1998). The Solidarities of Strangers: The English Poor Laws and the People, 1770–1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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