Partido Socialista Unificado da Alemanha

 Nota: "SED" redireciona para este artigo. Para o utilitário Unix, veja Sed.
Partido Socialista Unificado da Alemanha
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands
Partido Socialista Unificado da Alemanha
Fundação 21 de abril de 1946
Dissolução 16 de dezembro de 1989
Sede Berlim Oriental,  Alemanha Oriental
Ideologia Comunismo
Marxismo-Leninismo
Espectro político Extrema-esquerda
Publicação Neues Deutschland
Ala de juventude Free German Youth
Antecessor KPD
SPD
Sucessor PDS
Membros (1989) 2,260,979
Afiliação nacional Frente Nacional
Afiliação internacional Cominform
Cores Vermelho
Bandeira do partido

O Partido Socialista Unificado da Alemanha (em alemão Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED) foi um partido político alemão, de orientação comunista, que governou o Estado comunista da República Democrática Alemã desde sua fundação, em 7 de outubro de 1949, até às eleições de 18 de março de 1990.

História

O SED foi fundado em abril de 1946, após as forças soviéticas que ocupavam a Alemanha obrigarem a unificação do Partido Comunista da Alemanha (KPD) com o Partido Social-Democrata da Alemanha (SPD), apesar de tal unificação ter tido apenas efeito na zona de ocupação soviética.[1]

Com a criação da República Democrática Alemã, o SED viria-se a tornar o partido de governo, modelando-se em linha coma URSS, tornando a RDA num satélite soviético. O SED era, definido pela constituição da RDA, como a vanguarda do sistema política alemão-oriental, com uma linha claramente comunista, marxista-leninista e estalinista.[1]

Embora o domínio absoluto do SED no poder da RDA, oficialmente, a Alemanha de Leste era um Estado multi-partidário. Todos os outros partidos permitidos (União Democrata-Cristã, Partido Liberal Democrático, Partido Nacional Democrático e o Partido Democrático dos Agricultores) se submetiam ao poder do SED, sendo, de facto, partidos satélites dos comunistas, que estavam coligados na Frente Nacional.[2]

Com o aparecimento de Mikhail Gorbachev na URSS, e as suas políticas de liberalização (Perestroika e Glasnost) e, a rejeição destas políticas pelo SED, foi uma questão de tempo para a queda da RDA, que aconteceria no final de 1989.[3]

Com a queda do Estado, o SED, num congresso especial em Dezembro de 1989, abandonou a sua linha comunista e marxista-leninista e, adotou um novo nome, Partido do Socialismo Democrático, mas, tais mudanças não impediram uma perda de 95% dos militantes que o SED detinha antes da queda do Estado comunista da RDA.[4][5]

A partir de então, o SED se converteu no Partido do Socialismo Democrático da Alemanha (PDS), depois chamado Partido da Esquerda, que continua sendo uma força política relevante na Alemanha hoje, especialmente no leste.

Resultados eleitorais

Eleições legislativas

Data Votos % Deputados +/- Status Coligação
1950 12 088 745 99,6 (#1)
110 / 466
 Governo Frente Nacional
1954 11 828 877 99,5 (#1)
117 / 466
 Aumento7 Governo Frente Nacional
1958 11 533 859 99,9 (#1)
117 / 466
 = Governo Frente Nacional
1963 11 533 859 100 (#1)
110 / 434
 Baixa7 Governo Frente Nacional
1967 11 197 265 99,9 (#1)
110 / 434
 = Governo Frente Nacional
1971 11 207 388 99,5 (#1)
110 / 434
 = Governo Frente Nacional
1976 11 245 023 99,9 (#1)
110 / 434
 = Governo Frente Nacional
1981 12 235 515 99,9 (#1)
127 / 500
 Aumento17 Governo Frente Nacional
1986 12 392 094 99,9 (#1)
127 / 500
 = Governo Frente Nacional

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Major, Patrick; Osmond, Jonathan (1 de janeiro de 2002). The Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany Under Ulbricht 1945-71 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719062896 
  2. ↑ Glaessner, Gert-Joachim (1 de agosto de 2005). German Democracy: From Post-World War II to the Present Day (em inglês). [S.l.]: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781845208882 
  3. ↑ «THE FALL OF THE WALL AND THE EAST GERMAN POLICE». www.ncjrs.gov. Consultado em 7 de abril de 2016 
  4. ↑ «Germany - Party of Democratic Socialism». countrystudies.us. Consultado em 7 de abril de 2016 
  5. ↑ Gallagher, Tom (22 de agosto de 2015). The Primary Route (em inglês). [S.l.]: Lulu.com. ISBN 9780991669516 

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