Método efetivo

Em lógica e matemática - especialmente metalógica e teoria da computabilidade - método efetivo[1] ( também chamado de procedimento efetivo) é o procedimento para uma classe de problemas é um método para o qual cada passo pode ser descrito como uma operação mecânica, e que, se seguidas rigorosamente resulta em:

  • sempre dar alguma resposta , em vez de nunca dar nenhuma resposta ;
  • sempre dar a resposta certa e nunca dar uma resposta errada ;
  • sempre efetuada num número finito de passos, em vez de um número infinito ;
  • trabalhar para todas as instâncias de problemas da classe .

Um método efetivo para o cálculo dos valores de uma função é um algoritmo ; funções com um método efetivo , por vezes são chamadas efetivamente calculáveis .

Vários esforços independentes para dar uma caracterização formal de previsibilidade eficazes levou a uma variedade de definições propostas (recursão geral, Máquina de Turing, Cálculo lambda), que mais tarde mostraram-se equivalentes, a noção capturada por essas definições é conhecida como função computável .

O tese de Church-Turing afirma que as duas noções coincidem: qualquer função aritmética que é efetivamente calculável é recursivamente computável. Esta não é uma expressão matemática e não pode ser comprovada por uma prova matemática.

Pode-se requerer que um método efetivo quando aplicado a um problema de fora da classe para a qual é eficaz, possa ser interrompido sem resultado ou continuar indefinidamente sem parar, mas não deve retornar um resultado como se fosse a resposta ao problema (cf divergência) .

Uma característica essencial de um método efetivo é que ele não requer qualquer engenhosidade de qualquer pessoa ou máquina para executá-lo.[2]

Veja também

Referências

  1. Hunter, Geoffrey , Metalogic : uma Introdução ao Metateoria de lógica de primeira ordem padrão , University of California Press, 1971
  2. Dicionário de Filosofia de Cambridge , procedimento eficaz

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