Haplogrupo R1a (ADN-Y)

Haplogrupo R-M420 a.k.a. R1a

Tempo de origem <16.500 a.C.[1]
Lugar de origem Euroasia, mais provável no sul da Ásia
Ancestral R1 (R)
Descendentes R1a1a1 a R1a1a8
Mutações definidas L62, L63, L120, M420, M449, M511, M513[2]
Alta frequência Rússia, Ásia

O haplogrupo R1a é o nome filogenético de um clado importante das linhagens do cromossomo Y humano. Em outras palavras, ele é uma forma de agrupar uma parte significante de todos os homens modernos de acordo com uma linha ancestral masculina comum. Ele é comum em muitas partes da Eurásia e é frequentemente tratado na genética populacional e na genealogia genética. Um sub-clado (ramo) do R1a, atualmente designado R1a1a, é muito mais comum que os demais em todas as regiões geográficas principais. O R1a1a, definido pela mutação polimorfismo de nucleotídeo simples M17, é especialmente comum numa grande região que se estende do sul da Ásia e sul da Sibéria à Europa central e Escandinávia[3].

Atualmente, a família R1a é definida de modos mais amplos pela mutação PNS M420. A recente descoberta do M420 resultou na reorganização da conhecida árvore genealógica do R1a, em particular estabelecendo um novo paragrupo (designado R1a*) para linhagens que não estão no ramo R1a1 que leva ao R1a1a.

Acredita-se que o R1a e o R1a1a tenham se originado em algum lugar da Eurásia, mais provavelmente na região entre o leste da Europa e o sul da Ásia. Os estudos mais recentes indicam que o sul da Ásia é uma região mais provável de origem que a Europa. O haplogrupo R1a é provavelmente mais recente que 16.500 a.C.[1]

Ver também

Mapa mostrando a dispersão do haplogrupo R1a (Y-DNA) e seus descendentes (baseado na hipótese Kurgan).

Haplogrupos do cromossoma Y humano

cromossoma Y comum a todos os homens
A
BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K2
L T MS P NO
M S Q R N O
R1 R2
R1a R1b

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Karafet et al. (2008). See Table 2, giving age of parent clade R1 (Ver tabela 2, que fornece a idade do clado pai R1).
  2. ↑ Y DNA Haplogroups ISOGG pág. web visitada a 28 de setembro de 2913
  3. ↑ Underhill et al. (2009)

Fatos interessantes

Artem Lukichev levou animação baseado em Bashkir épico sobre os Urais, que descreveu a história dos clusters do haplogrupo R1: R1a e R1b[1].

  1. ↑ Youtube: watch?v=wMBuo7JHesg About R1a and R1b from Ural epic story. Artem Lukichev (c)

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