Espaçonave não tripulada

O ATV-2 Johannes Kepler se aproxima da ISS.
A sonda espacial Galileu, antes de partir da órbita terrestre em 1989.
O veículo Buran foi lançado, orbitou a Terra e pousou de forma totalmente automatizada em 1988 (exibido aqui numa feira aérea).
O veículo de ressuprimento não tripulado Progress M-06M.

Espaçonave não tripulada, é toda espaçonave sem seres humanos a bordo usada na exploração espacial.

Uma espaçonave não tripulada, pode conter níveis variados de interface humana, podendo ser controladas remotamente, ou mesmo atuar de forma autônoma pré programada. Muitas espaçonaves habitáveis possuem níveis variados de características robóticas. Por exemplo, as estações espaciais: Salyut 7, Mir, e o módulo Zarya da ISS, eram e são capazes de manobras comandadas remotamente para se manter em órbita, auxiliando no processo de acoplamento com outras espaçonaves.

Categorias

As categorias mais comuns de espaçonaves não tripuladas são:

Nem toda espaçonave não tripulada é uma espaçonave robótica. Por exemplo: uma esfera refletora é uma espaçonave não tripulada não robótica.

Exemplos

Sondas lunares

Sondas de Marte

Sondas de Vênus

Sondas dos gigantes gasosos

Sondas de cometas e asteroides

9P/Tempel collides with Deep Impact's impactor

Sondas de observação Solar

  • Ulysses — NASA-ESA - Partículas Solares e campos (terminou em 2009)
  • Genesis — NASA - Primeira missão de coleta e retorno de amostra de vento solar, 2001–2004 (falhou)
  • Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) — NASA - lançada em 19 de Outubro de 2008.
  • Advanced Composition Explorer — NASA - Observação de partículas solares e campos no ponto L1 entre a Terra e o Sol
  • STEREO — NASA - Par de sondas em órbita solar efetuando observações do Sol em 3D
  • SOHO — NASA-ESA - Observatório solar e da heliosfera no ponto L1 entre a Terra e o Sol

Outras sondas do sistema solar

Referências

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