Erictónio de Atenas

Erictónio
Primeiro rei mitológico de Atenas

Nascimento de Erictónio: Atena recebe o bebê Erictónio das mãos da mãe-terra Gaia
Detalhe do lado A de cerâmica vermelha stammos de Ática, obra de Hermonax 470–460 a.C., nas Coleções Estatais de Antiguidades, Munique
Genealogia
Pais Atena e Hefesto

Erictónioportuguês europeu ou Erictônioportuguês brasileiro (em grego: Ἐριχθόνιος), na mitologia grega, era filho de Atena com Hefesto,[1] foi (segundo algumas versões) primeiro rei mítico de Atenas; segundo outras versões, Erictónio foi o sucessor de Anfictião.[1]

Ele reinou de 1 487 a.C. a 1 437 a.C., e seu sucessor foi Pandião I.

Isaac Newton identifica Erictónio a Erecteu,[2] um dos pastores do Egito (os hicsos) [3] que reinou na Ática por volta de 1 035 a.C.[4]

Nascimento

Herse, Pandroso e Aglauros, as três filhas do rei da Ática Cécrope I,[1] receberam de Atena uma caixa fechada, proibindo que elas olhassem o que havia dentro.[5] Pandroso obedeceu, mas as outras duas não, e enlouqueceram quando viram Erictônio, se jogando da parte mais íngreme da acrópole.[5] Erictônio era filho de Atena e de Hefesto.[1]

Segundo Jerónimo de Estridão, Erictónio era filho de Vulcano e Minerva, e reinou de 1 437 a.C. a 1 487 a.C., sendo antecedido por Anfictião e sucedido por Pandião I.[6]

Pseudo-Apolodoro, após apresentar Erictónio como filho de Hefesto e Átis, filha de Cranau, explica a versão alternativa de como ele poderia ser filho de Atena, sendo Atena virgem: Atena se aproximara de Hefesto, desejosa das armas que ele fabricava, quando, rejeitado por Afrodite, Hefesto se apaixona por Atena. Ele a persegue, mas ela foge, e quando consegue agarrá-la, ela não permite o ato sexual, e Hefesto ejacula sobre a coxa de Atena. Enojada, ela se limpa, e faz o sêmen cair no chão, e daí nasce Erictónio.[7]

Após Erictónio ter nascido, Atena o criou, escondido dos outros deuses, e colocou-o em um baú, entregando-o a Pândroso, filha de Cécrope I, e proibindo-a de abrir o baú. Mas suas irmãs, curiosas, o abriram, e viram uma serpente enrolada no bebê. Segundo alguns autores, elas foram mortas pela serpente, segundo outros, elas enlouqueceram pela ira de Atena e se jogaram da acrópole.[7]

Reinado

Cécrope I, cujo filho homem morreu antes dele, foi sucedido por Cranau, um homem poderoso dos atenienses,[1] e este foi deposto por Anfictião, seu genro.[1]

Após ter sido criado por Atena,[7] Erictónio liderou uma rebelião[1] expulsou Anfictião de Atenas, se tornou rei,[1][7] estabeleceu o culto de Atena, e se casou com a náiade Praxiteia, com quem teve o filho Pandião.[7]

Ele foi sucedido por Pandião I.[8][9]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Pausânias, Descrição da Grécia, 1.2.6
  2. ↑ Isaac Newton, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, Chapter 1: Of the Chronology of the First Ages of the Greeks, 143
  3. ↑ Isaac Newton, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, Chapter 1: Of the Chronology of the First Ages of the Greeks, 135
  4. ↑ Isaac Newton, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, A Short Chronicle from the First Memory of Things in Europe, to the Conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great
  5. ↑ a b Pausânias, Descrição da Grécia, 1.18.2
  6. ↑ Jerónimo de Estridão, Chronicon
  7. ↑ a b c d e Pseudo-Apolodoro, Biblioteca, 3.14.6
  8. ↑ Pausânias, Descrição da Grécia, 1.5.3
  9. ↑ Pseudo-Apolodoro, Biblioteca, 3.14.7

Precedido por
Anfictião		 Rei de Atenas
1 487 a.C. a 1 437 a.C.		 Sucedido por
Pandião I
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