Dirachmaceae

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaDirachmaceae
Dirachma
Dirachma socotrana (ilustração).
Dirachma socotrana (ilustração).
Classificação científica
Reino: Plantae
Clado: angiospérmicas
Clado: eudicotiledóneas nucleares
Clado: eurosids I
Ordem: Rosales
Família: Dirachmaceae
Hutch.[1]
Género: Dirachma
Schweinf. ex Balf.f.[2]
Distribuição geográfica
Distribuição natural do género Dirachma.
Distribuição natural do género Dirachma.
Espécies

Dirachmaceae é uma família monotípica de plantas com flor pertencente à ordem Rosales, cujo único género é Dirachma. O grupo contém apenas duas espécies, nativas da Somália e da ilha de Socotra, no Oceano Índico.[3]

Descrição

O género Dirachma era considerado um táxon monotípico até que em 1991 foi descoberto uma segunda espécie, Dirachma somalensis, na Somália. As duas espécies do género são arbustos a pequenas árvores com folhas fortemente dentadas, formando verticilos em brotos curtos e retorcidos. As flores são pequenas e de coloração esbranquiçada, isoladas no ápice dos brotos.

A flores apresentam simetria radial e são hermafroditas. O cálice consiste em 4-8 sépalas. Os estiletes são de 5 a 8, soldados na base. A corola é constituída por 5 a 8 pétalas livres, tendo base das pétalas nectários. O ovário é súpero, composto de 5-8 carpelos interligados, profundamente dividido num número variável de lóculos, cada um com um único óvulo. O fruto é uma cápsula dividida em compartimentos, densamente tricomatosa por dentro.

Filogenia e taxonomia

O género Dirachma foi descrito por Georg August Schweinfurth ex Isaac Bayley Balfour e publicado em Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 12: 403. 1884,[4] tendo como espécie tipo Dirachma socotrana.

Em consequência dos resultados obtidos em estudos de filogenética, a ordem Rosales está dividida em três clados, aos quais não foi atribuído nível taxonómico. No agrupamento, o clado basal consiste da família Rosaceae, com outro clado agrupando 4 famílias, incluindo Elaeagnaceae, e o terceiro clado agrupando as 4 famílias que antes eram consideradas parte da ordem Urticales.[5] Essa configuração corresponde à seguinte árvore filogenética assente na análise cladística de sequências de DNA, na qual é patente a posição das Dirachmaceae:[6]

Rosales
 

Rosaceae

 
 
 
 

Rhamnaceae

 
 
 

Elaeagnaceae

 
 
 

Barbeyaceae

 
 

Dirachmaceae

 
 
 
 
 rosídeas urticalóides  
 

Ulmaceae

 
 
 

Cannabaceae

 
 
 

Moraceae

 
 

Urticaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). «An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III». Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x 
  2. ↑ «International Plant Names Index». Consultado em 7 de setembro de 2013 
  3. ↑ Link, D.A. 1991. Dirachma somalensis D.A.Link sp. nov. A New Species of a Remarkable and Highly Endangered Monogeneric Family. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België, 61: 3-13.
  4. ↑ Dirachmaceae in Trópicos
  5. ↑ Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000404
  6. ↑ Shu-dong Zhang, De-zhu Li; Soltis, Douglas E.; Yang, Yang; Ting-shuang, Yi (julho de 2011). «Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales». Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 60 (1): 21–28. PMID 21540119. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.008 

Ligações externas

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