Dinastia artaxíada

Representação moderna de Artaxias I

Artaxíada ou artáxida (em armênio/arménio: Արտաշեսյան արքայատոհմ; romaniz.: Artashesyan ark’ayatohm) foi uma dinastia que governou o Reino da Armênia de 189 a.C. até sua derrubada pelos romanos em 12 d.C. Seu reino incluía a Armênia Maior, Sofena e, intermitentemente, a Armênia Menor e partes da Mesopotâmia. Seus principais rivais eram os romanos, o Império Selêucida e o Império Parta, contra os quais os armênios conduziram várias guerras.

Contexto histórico

De acordo com o geógrafo Estrabão, Artaxias I e Zariadres eram dois sátrapas do Império Selêucida, que governavam as províncias da Armênia Maior e Sofena, respectivamente. Após a derrota dos selêucidas na Batalha de Magnésia em 190 a.C., se revoltaram e declararam sua independência, com Artaxias tornando-se o primeiro rei artaxíada em 188 a.C.. Segundo evidências descobertas nos últimos anos, os estudiosos tem considerado que Artaxias e Zariadres não eram generais estrangeiros, mas figuras locais relacionadas à dinastia orôntida (que governou a armênia desde pelo menos o século V a.C.).[1]

Para além de seus nomes irano-armênios, pedras limítrofes com inscrições em aramaico aludem à relação entre as dinastias.[1] Nina Garsoïan também reforça essa ideia ao rememorar o uso por Xenofonte do nome "Tigranes" para o príncipe herdeiro da Armênia em seu romance histórico, a Ciropédia (3.1.7).[2][3] M. Chain vai além e afirma que os Arzerúnios e os artaxíadas eram aparentados com a linhagem orôntida.[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Hovannisian 2004, p. 47-48.
  2. ↑ Garsoïan 2005.
  3. ↑ Garsoïan 2004.
  4. ↑ Chahin 2001, p. 226.

Bibliografia

  • Chahin, M. (2001). The Kingdom of Armenia: A History. Londres: Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0700714520 
  • Garsoïan, N. (2005). «Tigran II». Enciclopédia Irânica. Nova Iorque: Universidade de Colúmbia 
  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (2004). Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. vol. I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Nova Iorque: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-6421-2 

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