Sofena

Provincia Sophene
Ծոփք

Sofena
Província do(a) Império Romano
 
século I a.C.530 d.C.


Província de Sofena por volta de 117
Capital Amida

Período Antiguidade Clássica
século I a.C. Incorporada pelo Império Romano
530 Anexada à Armênia IV

Sofena (em armênio: Ծոփք; Copʿkʿ; em grego: Σωφηνή; romaniz.: Sōphēnē) foi uma província do Reino da Armênia e do Império Romano localizada no sudoeste do reino, na moderna região sudeste da Turquia.[1]

História

A região que se tornaria a Sofena era parte do Reino de Urartu nos séculos VII e VIII a.C. Depois de anexá-la ao seu reino no século VIII a.C., o rei Arguisti I de Urartu reassentou muitos de seus habitantes em sua nova cidade de Erebuni (a moderna capital da Armênia, Erevã). Por volta de 600 a.C., a Sofena tornou-se parte do emergente Reino da Armênia da dinastia orôntida, que agiu como sátrapas da Armênia, primeiro sob o Império Medo e depois, Império Aquemênida.

Depois das campanhas de Alexandre, o Grande, na década de 330 a.C. e o subsequente colapso do Império Aquemênida, a Sofena manteve-se parte do reino independente da Armênia Maior. No início do século III a.C., instigado pelo Império Selêucida, que tentava enfraquecê-lo, a Sofena se separou da Armênia para formar o Reino de Sofena, governado por um ramo da dinastia real armênia dos orôntidas. Posteriormente, a Sofena se separou também do reino sofeno-comageno e deu origem ao Reino de Comagena.

Província armênia

Sofena, sob o nome de Armênia Quarta (Čorrord Hayk') ou Região de Sofena (Cop'ak' Kołmn), foi a segunda província do Reino da Armênia, de acordo com Ananias de Siracena.[2] Como tal, era composta por oito distritos ou cantões (gavares):[3]

Domínio romano

Por volta de 200 a.C., em sua tentativa de finalmente subjugar a Armênia, Antíoco III, o Grande, conquistou toda a região e instalou os generais armênios Artaxias I e Zariadres como governadores (estrategos) na Armênia e em Sofena respectivamente. Depois da derrota de Antíoco pelos romanos na Batalha de Magnésia em 190 a.C., os dois se declararam reis independentes. Zariadres e seus descendentes governaram o Reino de Sofena até ele ser novamente unificado com a Armênia por Tigranes, o Grande, na década de 80 a.C.

Pompeu deu a Sofena para Artavasdes II depois de derrotar Tigranes, pai dele[4]. A Sofena tornou-se em seguida parte do Império Romano e foi transformada numa província com capital em Amida (moderna Diarbaquir). O Reino da Armênia continuou como reino cliente dos romanos até o período bizantino.

Em 530, a Sofena foi incluída na recém-criada província da Armênia IV.[5]

Referências

  1. The History of Rome By Theodor Mommsen, William Purdie Dickson.
  2. Dédéyan 2007, p. 43.
  3. Hewsen 2001, p. 102.
  4. Richardson, Peter, Univ of South Carolina Press, 1996, p. 96.
  5. Joshua, The Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, Liverpool University Press, 2001, p. 54.

Bibliografia

  • Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: A historical Atlas. Chicago e Londres: Imprensa da Universidade de Chicago. ISBN 0-226-33228-4 

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