Desconstrução e religião

O termo desconstrução-e-religião descreve um modo não teísta de pensamento que procede de uma teologia e de um quadro desconstrutivo. Em termos de teologia dogmática, desconstrução-e-religião varia do certamente ateu até o quase ateu.

Aqueles que têm uma abordagem desconstrutiva da religião se identificam de perto com o trabalho de Jacques Derrida, especialmente o seu trabalho mais posterior. De acordo com Slavoj Zizek, em meados da década de 80, a obra de Derrida mudou de constituir uma teologia negativa radical para ser uma forma de idealismo Kantiano.[1] John D. Caputo descreve o trabalho de Derrida na década 70 como um nietzscheano livre jogo de significantes, enquanto ele descreve o trabalho de Derrida na década de 90 como uma "religião sem religião."[2]

Indesconstrutibilidade

A Justiça por Luca Giordano

Uma característica fundamental do trabalho de Derrida é a noção de Indesconstrutibilidade. No pensamento de Derrida, a desconstrução existe no intervalo entre as construções e indesconstrutibilidades. O primeiro exemplar dessa relação é a relação entre a lei, a desconstrução e a justiça. Derrida resume a relação, dizendo que justiça é a condição indesconstrutível que torna a desconstrução possível.[3] No entanto, a justiça referida por Derrida é indeterminada e não um ideal transcendente.

A lei é feita de construções humanas necessárias, enquanto a justiça é o chamado indesconstrutível de fazer leis. A lei pertence ao reino do presente, do possível, e do calculável, enquanto que a justiça pertence ao reino do ausente, do impossível, e do incalculável. A desconstrução cria pontes entre o fosso da lei e da justiça, como a experiência da aplicação da lei de forma justa. A justiça exige que uma ocorrência singular seja respondida com uma novidade, unicamente costurada da lei. Assim, uma leitura desconstrutiva da lei é um salto do calculável para o incalculável.

Na desconstrução, a justiça assume a estrutura de uma promessa ausente, e impossibilidade que pode ser feita presente e possível. Na medida em que a desconstrução é motivada por essa promessa, ela escapa do binário tradicional presença/ausência porque a promessa não é nem presente nem ausente. Portanto, uma leitura desconstrutiva nunca definitivamente alcança a justiça. A justiça é sempre adiada.

Escritores

Referências

Referências primárias

Referências secundárias

  • (1982) Deconstructing Theology, by Mark C. Taylor
  • (1987) Erring: A Postmodern A/theology, by Mark C. Taylor
  • (1993) Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, by Hamid Dabashi
  • (1995) Desiring Theology, by Charles Winquist
  • (1997) Deconstruction in a Nutshell: A Conversation with Jacques Derrida, ed./auth. by John D. Caputo
  • (1999) About Religion: Economies of Faith in Virtual Culture, by Mark C. Taylor
  • (1999) Epiphanies of Darkness: Deconstruction in Theology, by Charles Winquist
  • (1999) Ethics-Politics-Subjectivity: Essays on Derrida, Levinas, and Contemporary French Thought, by Simon Critchley
  • (1999) Truth and Narrative: The Untimely Thoughts of Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadhani, Hamid Dabashi
  • (2000) "In the Absence of the Face," by Hamid Dabashi. In Social Research, Volume 67, Number 1. Spring 2000. pp. 127-185.
  • (2001) "Derrida and Technology: Fidelity at the Limits of Deconstruction and the Prosthesis of Faith," by Bernard Stiegler. In Tom Cohen (ed.), Jacques Derrida and the Humanities
  • (2001) On Religion, by John D. Caputo
  • (2004) Portrait of Jacques Derrida as a Young Jewish Saint, by Hélène Cixous
  • (2004) Sufism and Deconstruction, by Ian Almond
  • (2006) Philosophy and Theology, by John D. Caputo
  • (2006) The Weakness of God: A Theology of the Event, by John D. Caputo
  • (2007) After God by Mark C. Taylor
  • (2007) After the Death of God, with John D. Caputo, Gianni Vattimo, & ed. by Jeffrey W. Robbins
  • (2008) Radical Atheism: Derrida and the Time of Life, by Martin Hägglund

Ver também

Notas e referências

  1. (2006) Žižek, Slavoj, "A Plea for a Return to Differance (with a minor 'Pro Domo Sua')" Critical Inquiry 32 (2): 226-249
  2. (2002) Raschke, Carl, "Loosening Philosophy’s Tongue: A Conversation with Jack Caputo" http://www.jcrt.org/archives/03.2/caputo_raschke.shtml
  3. (2001) Derrida, Jacques, Acts of Religion, p. 243.

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