Cultura arqueológica

Machado de guerra com a forma de bote, de Närke (Suécia); a "cultura do machado de guerra" ou "cultura do machado com a forma de bote", na Suécia e Noruega, apareceu por volta de 2 800 a.C. e é reconhecida em cerca de 3 000 túmulos de Escânia até Trøndelag e Uplândia.

Uma cultura arqueológica ou cultura material é um conjunto de artefatos, construções e indústrias de um período e região em específico, que podem constituir a cultura material de uma sociedade humana do passado em particular. Esses artefactos podem ter sido encontrados ou já estarem inventariados anteriormente.[1]

Uma corrente dentro da arqueologia dá uma grande primazia aos "objetos concretos e materiais", enquanto uma outra corrente procura relacionar esses objetos com aspectos religiosos, estéticos e até étnicos.

Para superar os obstáculos do meio ambiente, o ser humano, desde os primórdios, criou diversos utensílios e implementos, aproveitando matérias-primas encontradas na natureza. Com o desenvolvimento das diversas culturas e sociedades, foram sendo elaboradas formas que, além de úteis, fossem consideradas belas, com acabamento que proporcionasse satisfação ao usuário e ao observador. Tudo isso refletia (e reflete) o modo de pensar e os valores de cada cultura e cada sociedade.

Algumas culturas arqueológicas

Mapa de culturas arqueológicas europeias durante o Período Neolítico, por volta de 3 500 a.C.

Referências

  1. ↑ Childe, V. Gordon (1929). The Danube in Prehistory. Oxford: Oxford University Press 

Bibliografia

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