Comics Code Authority

Capa de revista de horror em quadrinhos pré-código chamada Mister Mystery #12 de julho de 1953. Arte de Bernard Baily.
Publicação aprovada pelo Comics Code Authority.O selo do código pode ser visto no alto da capa, à direita.

A CMAA - Comics Magazine Association of America ou Associação Americana de Revistas em Quadrinhos, organização a qual foi atribuída a autoridade pela observância da aplicação do "Código dos Quadrinhos" (Comic Code Authority) foi criada na década de 1950 pelas editoras como uma forma de autocensura no conteúdo dos quadrinhos americanos, em resposta a uma recomendação do Congresso e ao clamor moralista insuflado pelo psiquiatra Fredric Wertham, autor do livro Seduction of the Innocent.[1]

Essa autorregulamentação modificou o conteúdo das revistas, a escolha de cores, temas e palavras. Todas que ostentavam o selo na capa estavam nesse padrão.

O Comics Code surgido em 1954 era uma adaptação dos códigos existentes tanto na DC Comics, quanto na Archie Comics (editora que comandava a associação).[2]

A grande prejudicada com o Comics Code foi a editora EC Comics que publicava títulos de horror. Várias publicações da EC foram citadas por Wertham como de mau gosto.[3] Como forma de evitar censuras na Revista Mad, a EC adotou um formato diferente das revistas em quadrinhos e passou para o "magazine", 21,5 x 28 cm, formato conhecido no Brasil por ser usado na Revista Veja.[4]

Fim do Código

A Comics Code Authority perdeu força com o tempo, grandes editoras como a Marvel já não submetiam seus quadrinhos à aprovação do selo.[5]

Em 2010, a Bongo Comics abandona o código.[6] Em 2011, é vez da DC (que resolve adotar uma classificação própria)[7] e da Archie Comics, decretando assim o fim do código.[6]

Em setembro do mesmo ano, a CBLDF - Comic Book Legal Defense Fund, uma associação criada para defender a liberdade de expressão nas histórias em quadrinhos, adquiriu os direitos do selo para usar em produtos licenciados. Todo o lucro arrecadado com as vendas dos produtos será usado em despesas da fundação.[8]

No Brasil

Ver artigo principal: História em quadrinhos no Brasil

Influenciado pelos Estados Unidos, nos anos de 1960, as quatro principais editoras brasileiras: Abril, RGE, EBAL e O Cruzeiro criaram um código chamado "Código de Ética", este possuía um selo parecido com o do código americano, que dizia: "Aprovado pelo código de ética" e era estampado na capa dos gibis.[1][9]

Ver também

Referências

Notas


  1. a b Gonçalo Júnior. Companhia das Letras, ed. A Guerra dos Gibis - a formação do mercado editorial brasileiro e a censura aos quadrinhos, 1933-1964. 2004. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 85-359-0582-0 
  2. Gerard Jones (2006). Homens do Amanhã - geeks, gângsteres e o nascimento dos gibis. [S.l.]: Conrad Editora. 85-7616-160-5 
  3. Alessandro Abrahão (8 de abril de 2009). «EC Comics: da glória ao ocaso». Universo HQ. Consultado em 16 de maio de 2010 
  4. Sérgio Codespoti (8 de maio de 2008). «Quando a nomenclatura faz a diferença». Universo HQ. Consultado em 16 de maio de 2010 
  5. «Marvel rompe com o Código de Ética». Universo HQ. 25 de maio de 2001. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2010 
  6. a b Érico Assis (25 de janeiro de 2011). «Selo do Código de Ética é completamente abolido por editoras de quadrinhos». Omelete 
  7. Sérgio Codespoti (21 de janeiro de 2011). «DC Comics abandona o sistema classificatório da Comic Code Authority». Universo HQ 
  8. Samir Naliato (30 de setembro de 2011). «Comic Book Legal Defense Fund adquire os direitos do selo Comics Authority». Universo HQ 
  9. da Silva, Diamantino (novembro de 2008). Guimarães, Edgard, ed. «Um certo código de ética para as histórias em quadrinhos» (PDF). QI (95) 
Bibliografia

Alexandre Callari (2014). «O Comics Code Authority». Editora Escala. Conhecimento Prático Literatura (em e ) (51) 

Craig Shutt (março de 1997). «Código de guerra». Editora Globo. Wizard (8) 

Vassallo, Dr. Michael J. "A Look at the Atlas Pre-Code Crime and Horror Work of Stan Lee". The Buyer's Guide #1258 (26 de dezembro de 1997)

Web

Ligações externas

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