Classe Orion (couraçados)

Classe Orion

O HMS Orion, a primeira embarcação da classe
Visão geral  Reino Unido
Operador(es) Marinha Real Britânica
Construtor(es) Estaleiro Real de Portsmouth
Armstrong Whitworth
William Beardmore and Co.
Thames Ironworks
Predecessora Classe Colossus
Sucessora Classe King George V
Período de construção 1909–1912
Em serviço 1912–1922
Construídos 4
Características gerais (como construídos)
Tipo Couraçado
Deslocamento 26 000 t (carregado)
Comprimento 177,1 m
Boca 27 m
Calado 9,5 m
Propulsão 4 hélices
2 turbinas a vapor
18 caldeiras
Velocidade 21 nós (39 km/h)
Autonomia 6 730 milhas náuticas a 10 nós
(12 460 km a 19 km/h)
Armamento 10 canhões de 343 mm
16 canhões de 102 mm
3 tubos de torpedo de 533 mm
Blindagem Cinturão: 203 a 305 mm
Convés: 25 a 102 mm
Anteparas: 152 a 254 mm
Torres de artilharia: 280 mm
Barbetas: 102 a 254 mm
Torre de comando: 280 mm
Tripulação 738 a 1 107

O Classe Orion foi uma classe de couraçados operada pela Marinha Real Britânica, composta pelo HMS Orion, HMS Monarch, HMS Conqueror e HMS Thunderer. Suas construções começaram em 1909 e 1910 no Estaleiro Real de Portsmouth, Armstrong Whitworth e William Beardmore and Co. e Thames Ironworks, sendo lançados ao mar em 1910 e 1911 e comissionados na frota em 1912.[1][2] Seu projeto era um desenho novo que foi criado para acomodar blindagem adicional e os maiores canhões de 343 milímetros, que foram arranjados pela primeira vez em um navio britânico em torres de artilharia posicionadas na linha central, com uma sobreposta a outra na proa e na popa.[3]

Os couraçados da Classe Orion eram armados com uma bateria principal composta por dez canhões de 343 milímetros montados em cinco torres de artilharia duplas. Tinham um comprimento de fora a fora de 177 metros, boca de 27 metros, calado de nove metros e um deslocamento carregado de 26 mil toneladas. Seus sistemas de propulsão eram compostos por dezoito caldeiras mistas de carvão e óleo combustível que alimentavam dois conjuntos de turbinas a vapor, que por sua vez giravam quatro hélices até uma velocidade máxima de 21 nós (39 quilômetros por hora). Os navios também tinham um cinturão principal de blindagem que ficava entre 203 e 305 milímetros de espessura.[4][5]

As embarcações serviram na Grande Frota na Primeira Guerra Mundial, porém pouco atuaram e passaram a maior parte de seu tempo em treinamentos e patrulhas.[6] Sua única ação foi em 1916, quando participaram da Batalha da Jutlândia contra a Frota de Alto-Mar alemã.[7] Foram todos tirados de serviço ao final do conflito, mas o Monarch e o Thunderer acabaram brevemente recomissionados em 1920 para transportarem tropas até o Mar Mediterrâneo.[8] O Orion e o Thunderer foram então usados como navios-escola. O Orion e o Conqueror foram desmontados em 1922, já o Thunderer em 1926. O Monarch foi afundado como alvo de tiro em 1925 em testes de armamentos.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Burt 2012, pp. 146, 148, 150
  2. Preston 1985, p. 28
  3. Parkes 1990, pp. 510, 525–526
  4. Friedman 2015, p. 111
  5. Burt 2012, p. 136
  6. Halpern 1995, p. 27
  7. Campbell 1986, pp. 156–158, 193–195, 204–229, 276–277
  8. Burt 2012b, pp. 148, 150

Bibliografia

  • Burt, R. A. (2012) [1986]. British Battleships of World War One 2ª ed. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-053-5 
  • Friedman, Norman (2015). The British Battleship 1906–1946. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-225-7 
  • Halpern, Paul G. (1995). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-352-4 
  • Parkes, Oscar (1990) [1966]. British Battleships, Warrior 1860 to Vanguard 1950: A History of Design, Construction, and Armament. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-075-4 
  • Preston, Antony (1985). «Great Britain and Empire Forces». In: Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5 

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