Calicrátidas

Calicrátidas foi um almirante espartano, na época da Guerra do Peloponeso. Ele tornou-se comandante da esquadra de Esparta, sucedendo a Lisandro, quando o tempo de comando deste terminou.[1]

Personalidade

Calicrátidas era muito jovem quando ganhou o comando, sem ambições e de caráter reto, pois ainda não havia tido contato com os estrangeiros.[1] Ele era justo, e durante seu período como comandante nada foi feito de errado contra alguma cidade ou cidadão; ele lidava sumariamente contra quem queria corrompê-lo e os punia.[1]

Em personalidade Calicrátidas era o oposto de Lisandro: Lisandro era cheio de artimanhas e perseverante, enquanto que Calicrátidas era sincero e aberto, e não tentava obter nada através de truques ou traições.[2]

Vitórias

Calicrátidas reuniu a frota em Éfeso que, junto com os aliados, somava cento e quarente trirremes.[3] Com esta força, ele teve várias vitórias contra os atenienses.[4]

Conon opôs-se a Calicrátidas em Lesbos,[5] mas na Batalha de Mitilene (406 a.C.), os atenienses foram derrotados, sua frota destruída ou capturada, e os soldados se refugiaram em Mitilene.[6]


Morte

Enquanto isso, os atenienses e seus aliados conseguiram mais cento e cinquenta trirremes e foram para as ilhas Arginusas, com intensão de libertar o cerco de Mitilene.[7] As ilhas Arginusas eram habitadas naquela época por um pequeno grupo de etólios, e ficavam entre Mitilene e Cime.[8]

Calicrátides, quando soube da aproximação dos atenienses, deixou Eteônico comandando o cerco, e levou cento e quarenta trirremes para as ilhas Arginusas.[8]

Na preparação para a batalha, um adivinho disse a Calicrátides que ele morreria, mas ao que ele respondeu: Se eu morrer na luta, eu não terei diminuído a fama de Esparta.[9]

Durante a batalha, sua trirreme abalroou a trirreme de Péricles, filho do famoso Péricles; [10] na luta que se seguiu, Calicrátides foi morto.[11]

Referências

  1. a b c Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 76.2
  2. Cícero, De Officiis, Livro I, 109
  3. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 76.3
  4. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 76.4-6
  5. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 77.1-5
  6. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 78.1-3
  7. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 97.2
  8. a b Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 97.3
  9. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 97.5
  10. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 99.4
  11. Diodoro Sículo, Biblioteca Histórica, Livro XIII, 99.5

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