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1988 Detroit Grand Prix
1988 Detroit Grand Prix
Race 6 of 16 in the 1988 Formula One World Championship
Race details
Date	June 19, 1988
Official name	7th Enichem Detroit Grand Prix
Location	Detroit street circuit; Detroit, Michigan
Course	Temporary street course
Course length	4.023 km (2.5 miles)
Distance	63 laps, 253.449 km (157.5 miles)
Weather	Warm and sunny with temperatures up to 91.9 °F (33.3 °C); wind speeds up to 11.1 miles per hour (17.9 km/h)
Pole position
Driver	Ayrton Senna;
Time	1:40.606
Fastest lap
Driver	Alain Prost
Time	1:44.836 on lap 4
Podium
First	Ayrton Senna;
Second	Alain Prost;
Third	Thierry Boutsen;
	Lap leaders ;

The 1988 Detroit Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on June 19, 1988 in Detroit, Michigan. It was the sixth race of the 1988 Formula One season.

Summary

Qualifying

Ayrton Senna's third win of the season made it six out of six for McLaren in 1988, on the way to an unprecedented 15 wins and ten 1-2 finishes in 16 races. Senna's victory matched the season total of teammate Alain Prost, who finished 38 seconds behind the Brazilian in second place. Thierry Boutsen took third for Benetton, as he had a week before in Canada, and Andrea de Cesaris scored the first points ever for the Rial team by finishing fourth. Minardi also scored their first point with Pierluigi Martini's sixth place.

With turbocharged engines scheduled to be eliminated prior to 1989, and their effectiveness intended to be curtailed by two rule changes for 1988, few teams opted to develop totally new equipment that would only be used for one season. Only Honda, who defected to McLaren from defending Constructor's Champion Williams, and Ferrari developed new engines to meet the revised turbo rules– boost reduced from 4 bars to 2.5, and fuel capacity reduced from 195 liters to 150 (refueling was banned from 1984 through 1993), and only McLaren developed a completely new chassis. Though the new rules were intended to narrow or eliminate the performance gap between the turbos and the normally aspirated engines, Honda and Ferrari were able to display a 50 horsepower (37 kW) advantage over the best 3.5-liter equipment of the opposition. With that kind of power differential, the only new chassis in the field, and Senna and Prost behind the wheel, McLaren quickly turned the season into a two-man show.

Detroit's tight 90-degree turns and short straight sections had given the underpowered "atmo" cars a chance at several times during the turbo era, and some teams were hoping that the circuit would offer them a chance. Senna took the 22nd pole of his career by more than eight-tenths of a second, but the Ferraris of Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto both lined up ahead of Prost, who was fourth and openly admitted that he simply did not like the circuit. The teams were all hoping for cooler temperatures for the race on Sunday, after the track had begun to break up during qualifying, expedited by a Trans-Am race on Saturday. There was a push from the F1 teams to have the Trans-Am race cancelled, but with that series having guaranteed television coverage of each round (of which Detroit was a part), the race went ahead and as feared, the powerful, heavy saloons tore the track surface up even more. Hasty concrete repairs made the surface extremely abrasive for the soft compound tires most teams had brought, and teams were forced to reconsider their plans for a non-stop race. On Sunday morning, Berger said, "Really, I think today is a lottery.... which probably gives us our best chance of the season."

Ivan Capelli broke a bone in his left foot when he crashed into the pit wall during Saturday practice, having set a time in Friday qualifying that would have put him 21st on the grid. Nicola Larini was thus promoted to the last grid spot.

Race

In front of 61,000 fans on race day, Senna took the lead off the grid. The Ferraris held onto second and third before Prost got by Alboreto on lap 5, and Berger on lap 6. By then, Senna was over six seconds ahead.

On lap 7 Boutsen, having already passed Alboreto, attempted to pass Berger as well, but his Benetton hit the Ferrari's left rear wheel and punctured the tire, sending Berger into retirement. Two laps later, Boutsen's team-mate Alessandro Nannini collided with Alboreto while trying to overtake him. Both cars continued, but on lap 15 Nannini pitted with a damaged right front suspension and failing brakes. Alboreto continued until lap 46 when he spun off, having worked his way back up to seventh.

The collisions enabled Nigel Mansell to move up to fourth in the Williams, only for his Judd engine to fail on lap 19. Team-mate Riccardo Patrese assumed the position until lap 27, when he suffered an electrical failure.

Any hope of a threat to the McLarens was gone. The red and white cars, with Senna eight seconds ahead, seemed to be carefree. In fact, Prost had been struggling the entire race with an uncooperative gearchange. "It was strange– the gearbox felt as though it was seizing up. The worst change was from fourth to fifth, which I think I missed at least once a lap right the way through."

Pierluigi Martini, driving in his first Grand Prix in almost three years, was running extremely well for Minardi and got up to fifth place on lap 35 when Maurício Gugelmin's March retired. He would likely have finished there, if not for the relentless and resilient performance of Jonathan Palmer for Tyrrell. Palmer had come together with Stefano Modena in the EuroBrun on the first lap, requiring a stop to replace the nosecone, and leaving him dead last by a sizable margin. By lap 47, he had worked his way into the points, and in the closing laps, he was the fastest car on the circuit. Palmer's two points for fifth place were his reward for what was probably the most impressive performance of the race.

Senna and Prost both had time to make leisurely stops for new tires, and Senna went on to lead all 63 laps. Prost finished nearly 40 seconds behind Senna, despite setting the fastest lap of the race on lap 4; no other drivers finished on the lead lap. Prost said, "Over the years I've developed a style of driving which involves braking into the apex of a corner. I don't think most of the guys do that, but it works for me. On this surface today, though, it was impossible to do it without simply sliding straight on. So I had to change my whole way of driving, brake carefully in a straight line, then turn in. No excuse, you understand, but it meant adapting, doing something which isn't my natural style."

The drivers became outspoken about their dislike of the race. Senna likened the last laps to driving in heavy rain as the track had broken up so badly, while he, Prost and Boutsen argued that if Formula One wanted to stay in Detroit, it needed to move elsewhere in the city. Even though there were some negotiations to move the event to another street circuit on nearby Belle Isle, these plans ultimately fell through,^[2] and thus this was the last Formula One Detroit Grand Prix. For the next three years, F1 raced at a street circuit in Phoenix, Arizona, in an event officially known as the United States Grand Prix.

The Detroit street circuit hosted three CART races in 1989, 1990 and 1991 (the unpopular chicane before the pits being removed), before CART moved to the Belle Isle circuit in 1992.

Classification

Pre-qualifying

Pos	No	Driver	Constructor	Time	Gap
1	36	Alex Caffi	Dallara-Ford	1:46.280	—
2	33	Stefano Modena	EuroBrun-Ford	1:46.522	+0.242
3	32	Oscar Larrauri	EuroBrun-Ford	1:46.650	+0.370
4	22	Andrea de Cesaris	Rial-Ford	1:46.709	+0.429
DNPQ	31	Gabriele Tarquini	Coloni-Ford	1:47.312	+1.032

Qualifying

Pos	No	Driver	Constructor	Q1	Q2	Gap
1	12	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	1:40.606	1:41.719	—
2	28	Gerhard Berger	Ferrari	1:42.283	1:41.464	+0.858
3	27	Michele Alboreto	Ferrari	1:43.925	1:41.700	+1.094
4	11	Alain Prost	McLaren-Honda	1:42.019	1:43.420	+1.413
5	20	Thierry Boutsen	Benetton-Ford	1:45.718	1:42.690	+2.084
6	5	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Judd	1:43.458	1:42.697	+2.091
7	19	Alessandro Nannini	Benetton-Ford	1:43.117	1:45.345	+2.511
8	1	Nelson Piquet	Lotus-Honda	1:44.352	1:43.314	+2.708
9	17	Derek Warwick	Arrows-Megatron	1:44.614	1:43.799	+3.193
10	6	Riccardo Patrese	Williams-Judd	1:43.810	1:45.016	+3.204
11	14	Philippe Streiff	AGS-Ford	1:44.204	1:44.743	+3.598
12	22	Andrea de Cesaris	Rial-Ford	1:45.866	1:44.216	+3.610
13	15	Maurício Gugelmin	March-Judd	1:44.474	1:53.243	+3.868
14	30	Philippe Alliot	Lola-Ford	1:44.590	3:40.532	+3.984
15	18	Eddie Cheever	Arrows-Megatron	1:45.159	1:44.948	+4.342
16	23	Pierluigi Martini	Minardi-Ford	1:47.094	1:45.049	+4.443
17	3	Jonathan Palmer	Tyrrell-Ford	1:45.268	1:45.662	+4.662
18	26	Stefan Johansson	Ligier-Judd	1:45.275	1:47.135	+4.669
19	33	Stefano Modena	EuroBrun-Ford	1:45.304		+4.698
20	25	René Arnoux	Ligier-Judd	1:45.437	1:47.483	+4.831
21	36	Alex Caffi	Dallara-Ford	1:47.493	1:45.750	+5.144
22	4	Julian Bailey	Tyrrell-Ford	1:46.286	1:47.801	+5.680
23	32	Oscar Larrauri	EuroBrun-Ford	1:46.390	1:48.116	+5.784
24	29	Yannick Dalmas	Lola-Ford	1:46.422	1:46.447	+5.816
25	24	Luis Pérez-Sala	Minardi-Ford	1:48.186	1:46.593	+5.987
26	21	Nicola Larini	Osella	1:46.623	1:51.623	+6.017
DNQ	2	Satoru Nakajima	Lotus-Honda	1:47.243	1:49.353	+6.637
DNQ	10	Bernd Schneider	Zakspeed	1:48.423	1:48.249	+7.643
DNQ	9	Piercarlo Ghinzani	Zakspeed	1:48.925	1:48.990	+8.319
DNS	16	Ivan Capelli	March-Judd	1:45.546		+4.940

Race

Pos	No	Driver	Constructor	Laps	Time/Retired	Grid	Points
1	12	Ayrton Senna	McLaren-Honda	63	1:54:56.035	1	9
2	11	Alain Prost	McLaren-Honda	63	+ 38.713	4	6
3	20	Thierry Boutsen	Benetton-Ford	62	+ 1 Lap	5	4
4	22	Andrea de Cesaris	Rial-Ford	62	+ 1 Lap	12	3
5	3	Jonathan Palmer	Tyrrell-Ford	62	+ 1 Lap	17	2
6	23	Pierluigi Martini	Minardi-Ford	62	+ 1 Lap	16	1
7	29	Yannick Dalmas	Lola-Ford	61	+ 2 Laps	24
8	36	Alex Caffi	Dallara-Ford	61	+ 2 Laps	21
9	4	Julian Bailey	Tyrrell-Ford	59	Spun Off	22
Ret	24	Luis Pérez-Sala	Minardi-Ford	54	Gearbox	25
Ret	30	Philippe Alliot	Lola-Ford	46	Halfshaft	14
Ret	33	Stefano Modena	EuroBrun-Ford	46	Spun Off	19
Ret	27	Michele Alboreto	Ferrari	45	Collision	3
Ret	25	René Arnoux	Ligier-Judd	45	Overheating	20
Ret	15	Maurício Gugelmin	March-Judd	34	Engine	13
Ret	6	Riccardo Patrese	Williams-Judd	26	Electrical	10
Ret	1	Nelson Piquet	Lotus-Honda	26	Spun Off	8
Ret	32	Oscar Larrauri	EuroBrun-Ford	26	Gearbox	23
Ret	17	Derek Warwick	Arrows-Megatron	24	Spun Off	9
Ret	5	Nigel Mansell	Williams-Judd	18	Engine	6
Ret	14	Philippe Streiff	AGS-Ford	15	Suspension	11
Ret	19	Alessandro Nannini	Benetton-Ford	14	Suspension	7
Ret	18	Eddie Cheever	Arrows-Megatron	14	Electrical	15
Ret	21	Nicola Larini	Osella	7	Engine	26
Ret	28	Gerhard Berger	Ferrari	6	Puncture	2
Ret	26	Stefan Johansson	Ligier-Judd	2	Overheating	18
DNS	16	Ivan Capelli	March-Judd	0	Driver Injured
DNQ	2	Satoru Nakajima	Lotus-Honda
DNQ	10	Bernd Schneider	Zakspeed
DNQ	9	Piercarlo Ghinzani	Zakspeed
DNPQ	31	Gabriele Tarquini	Coloni-Ford
Source:^[3]

Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

Pos	Driver	Points
1	Alain Prost	45
2	Ayrton Senna	33
3	Gerhard Berger	18
4	Thierry Boutsen	11
5	Nelson Piquet	11
Source:^[4]

Constructors' Championship standings

Pos	Constructor	Points
1	McLaren-Honda	78
2	Ferrari	27
3	Benetton-Ford	12
4	Lotus-Honda	12
5	Arrows-Megatron	9
Source:^[4]

Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

References

^ "1988 Detroit Grand Prix weather information". The Old Farmers' Almanac. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
^ "f1archives.com". www.f1archives.com. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
^ "1988 United States Grand Prix". formula1.com. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
^ ^a ^b "USA 1988 - Championship • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved March 15, 2019.