Aposentadoria

A aposentadoria - também referida como reforma em alguns países de língua portuguesa - refere-se ao afastamento remunerado que um trabalhador faz de suas atividades após cumprir determinados requisitos estabelecidos no direito previdenciário a fim de gozar dos benefícios de uma previdência social e/ou privada.[1]

Aposentadoria no mundo

Brasil

A história da aposentadoria no Brasil remete ao ano de 1888, quando de forma ainda incipiente surgiram iniciativas para beneficiar antigos funcionários de setores que eram importantes para o império, tais como os funcionários dos correios, da imprensa nacional, das estradas de ferro, da marinha, da casa da moeda e da alfândega. No entanto, foi apenas no ano de 1923 que o Brasil assistiu ao ponto de partida da história da previdência social tal como é hoje concebida.[2]

Destaca-se no Brasil, assim como em outros países, o fato de mulheres e professores de educação infantil aposentarem-se 5 anos mais cedo de que os demais trabalhadores. A previdência social oferece quatro tipos de jubilação: aposentadoria por idade (que se diferencia se for trabalhador urbano ou rural),[3][4] aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição (que se subdivide em aposentadoria proporcional, por pontos e comum),[5] aposentadoria por invalidez[6] e aposentadoria especial.[7]

Idade para se aposentar em outros países

País mulher homem Empregados, 55–59 Empregados, 60–64 Empregados, 65–69 Empregados, 70+
Áustria 60 (57) 65 (60) 39% 7% 1% 0%
Bélgica 60 65 45% 12% 1% 0%
Camboja 50 55 16% 1% 0% 0%
Dinamarca 60–65[8] 65–68[9] 77% 35% 9% 3%
França 62 65 51% 12% 1% 0%
Alemanha 65 67 61% 23% 3% 0%
Grécia 58 67[10] 65% 18% 4% 0%
Itália 57 67 26% 12% 1% 0%
Letônia nenhuma 63–65[11] ? ? ? ?
Países Baixos 60 65 (67) 53% 22% 3% 0%
Noruega 62 67 74% 33% 7% 1%
Espanha 60 65 46% 22% 0% 0%
Suécia 61 65 78% 58% 5% 1%
Suíça 63 (61), [58] 65 (64) 77% 46% 7% 2%
Tailândia 50 60 ? ? ? ?
Reino Unido 65 68 69% 40% 10% 2%
Estados Unidos 62 67 66% 43% 20% 5%

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL Nº 41, DE 19 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2003». Portal do Governo Federal. 19 de dezembro de 2003. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2024 
  2. ↑ «História da previdência no Brasil: fique por dentro - Politize!». Politize!. 21 de junho de 2017 
  3. ↑ Alves, Maicon (14 de novembro de 2018). «Aposentadoria por idade urbana». Advocacia Alves. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2019 
  4. ↑ Alves, Maicon (12 de novembro de 2018). «Aposentadoria por idade rural». Advocacia Alves. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2019 
  5. ↑ Alves, Maicon (29 de junho de 2019). «As 3 regras da aposentadoria por tempo de contribuição». Advocacia Alves. Consultado em 14 de setembro de 2019 
  6. ↑ http://www.tst.jus.br/en/radio-destaques/-/asset_publisher/2bsB/content/entrevista-aposentadoria-por-invalidez?inheritRedirect=false
  7. ↑ http://www.tst.jus.br/en/radio-destaques/-/asset_publisher/2bsB/content/reportagem-especial-aposentadoria-especial?inheritRedirect=false
  8. ↑ «Efterløn 2018» (em dinamarquês). Ældresagen. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2018 
  9. ↑ «Hvornår kan jeg gå på folkepension?» (em dinamarquês). borger.dk. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2018. Arquivado do original em 1 de maio de 2018 
  10. ↑ «Greece MPs approve new austerity budget amid protests». 12 de novembro de 2012. Consultado em 16 de janeiro de 2017 – via www.bbc.com 
  11. ↑ «Pensijas vecuma paaugstināšana no 62 līdz 65 gadu vecumam» (em letão). The State Social Insurance Agency. 18 de dezembro de 2018. Consultado em 30 de abril de 2018 
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