O empregador é aquele que contrata o trabalhador aos seus serviços de forma remunerada, e tendo em contrapartida deste a prestação de trabalho. O empregador pode ser pessoa física ou pessoa jurídica, ou mesmo entidades não dotadas de personalidade, como a massa falida, o condomínio não registrado, entre outros.
No Brasil, o artigo 2° da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT): “Considera-se empregador.”
A principal característica do empregador é o poder hierárquico (de comando) garantido por força do contrato de trabalho e reconhecido pela nossa legislação, o que lhe atribui também o poder diretivo e o poder disciplinar.
Conforme o setor do Direito, temos o empregador privado e público, sendo que o setor público também pode contratar pela legislação trabalhista, mas geralmente o faz de forma estatutária, ou seja, a contratação, remuneração e demissão do servidor público geralmente não são feitas através da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho.
Já a relação de trabalho existente na iniciativa privada brasileira, segue as normas da CLT. Os trabalhadores por este regime são chamados pelo neologismo "celetistas".
Poderão ser empregadores pessoas físicas, pessoas jurídicas e entidades sem personalidade jurídica.
Quanto à estrutura jurídica do empregador, há pessoas físicas, empresas individuais e sociedades.
Quanto à natureza da titularidade, existem os empregadores proprietários, arrendatários, cessionários, usufrutuários, etc.
Quanto ao tipo de atividade, há empregadores industriais, comerciais, domésticos e públicos.
A empresa é o principal tipo de empregador pelo número de trabalhadores que reúne e pela sua importância como célula econômica de produção de bens e prestação de serviços.
Na relação de emprego o trabalhador está subordinado ao poder de direção do empregador. Segundo Amauri Mascaro Nascimento, “poder de direção é a faculdade atribuída ao empregador de determinar o modo como a atividade do empregado, em decorrência do contrato de trabalho, dever ser exercida (Curso de Direito do Trabalho, São Paulo, Saraiva 2000)”.
O poder de direção se subdivide em:
Estes poderes dizem respeito apenas à relação de emprego, nos serviços prestados pelo empregado, no local de trabalho, e em conformidade com a legislação.
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